Figure 3.

Approaches being explored to target pancreatic tumor using gemcitabine-based nanomedicines. Different nanocarriers, such as liposome, micelle, nanocapsule, nanosphere, polymeric nanoparticle, solid-lipid nanoparticle and conjugated-nanoparticle, have been developed for effective delivery of gemcitabine to pancreatic tumor cells. Strategies for the efficacy of gemcitabine using nanomedicines include, but are not limited to increased drug availability via protection from first-pass metabolism, passive accumulation at the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, as well as targeted delivery of gemcitabine to tumor cells