. 2017 Nov 28;17:132. doi: 10.1186/s12876-017-0699-1

Table 3.

Factors related to GERD development as the outcome variable by univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis (N = 505)

Variable	B	Univariate OR			Adjusted OR
			95% CI			95% CI
		OR	Lower	Upper	OR	Lower	Upper
Age (years)
< 35^a	−0.30	1			1
≥ 35	−0.30	1.17	0.82	1.67	0.734	0.466	1.15
Gender
Men^a	0.02	1			1
Women	0.02	1.45	0.99	2.13	1.02	0.53	1.97
Marital status
Single^a	0.19	1			1
Married	0.19	1.57*	1.04	2.36	1.21	0.75	1.97
Education (years)
< 12 years schooling^a	−0.59	1			1
≥ 12 years schooling	−0.59	0.53*	0.36	0.77	0.55*	0.33	0.91
Job
Unemployed^a		1			1
Self-employed	0.07	0.77	0.49	1.22	1.08	0.52	2.22
Employee	0.19	0.72	0.43	1.20	1.21	0.57	2.53
Smoking or substance abuse
No^a	0.33	1			1
Yes	0.33	1.21	0.70	2.10	1.40	0.76	2.56
Physical activity (h/wk)
< 2^a	−0.38	1			1
≥ 2	−0.38	0.53*	0.30	0.94	0.67	0.34	1.32
BMI (kg/m²)
< 30^a	0.27	1			1
≥ 30	0.27	1.77*	1.11	2.81	1.32	0.76	2.29
WC (cm)
Men <102; Women <88^a	0.63	1			1
Men ≥102; Women ≥88	0.63	2.09*	1.46	3.01	1.89*	1.18	3.01
Numbers of meals consumed daily (meals/d)
< 3^a	−0.16	1			1
≥ 3	−0.16	0.91	0.63	1.31	0.85	0.56	1.27
Time interval between the last meal and sleep (hours)
< 2^a	−0.16	1			1
≥ 2	−0.16	0.80	0.56	1.15	0.84	0.57	1.24
Resting immediately after the main meals
No^a	0.004	1			1
Yes	0.004	0.89	0.61	1.30	1.004	0.66	1.51
Large portion-size meals (times/wk)
< 2^a	0.32	1			1
≥ 2	0.32	1.39	0.97	1.98	1.38	0.94	2.04
Fast foods intake (times/wk)
< 2^a	−0.13	1			1
≥ 2	−0.13	0.71	0.36	1.39	0.87	0.42	1.82
Spicy foods intake (times/wk)
< 2^a	−0.02	1			1
≥ 2	−0.02	1.03	0.72	1.46	0.97	0.66	1.45
Chocolate intake (times/wk)
< 2^a	0.19	1			1
≥ 2	0.19	1.14	0.79	1.65	1.21	0.80	1.82
Tea intake
None^a		1			1
Just before meals	0.14	1.43	0.68	3.02	1.16	0.51	2.60
Just after meals	−0.15	0.97	0.46	2.06	0.85	0.37	1.94
Between meals	−0.03	1.17	0.59	2.31	0.96	0.45	2.04
Coffee intake
None^a		1			1
Just before/ after meals	−0.53	0.37	0.11	1.25	0.58	0.15	2.18
Between meals	−0.19	0.66	0.26	1.67	0.82	0.29	2.3
Citrus intake
None^a		1			1
Just before/after meals	0.35	0.98	0.55	1.76	1.42	0.73	2.76
Between meals	0.80	1.69*	1.04	2.73	2.22*	1.30	3.81
Carbonated drinks intake
None^a		1			1
Within meals	−0.07	0.95	0.65	1.38	0.92	0.61	1.39
Between meals	−0.57	0.56	0.31	1.03	0.56	0.28	1.10

BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval

^aReference group. *Significant at the level of p < 0.05