Table 3.
Correlation of clinical variables with low and high risk for disease progression and poor survival after pulmonary metastasectomy
| Low-risk group, n (%) | High-risk group, n (%) |
p value |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fisher exact test | Cox regression | ||||
| Age at initial treatment of HCC | 0.704 | 0.966 | 1.00a (0.96, 1.04) | ||
| <50 years | 7 (50) | 7 (50) | |||
| ≤50 years | 5 (38) | 8 (62) | |||
| Gender | 0.696 | 0.836 | 0.89 (0.30, 2.61) | ||
| Female | 3 (38) | 5 (63) | |||
| Male | 9 (47) | 10 (53) | |||
| Hepatitis Bb | 0.342 | 0.124 | 0.37 (0.12, 1.19) | ||
| Negative | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | |||
| Positive | 11 (50) | 11 (50) | |||
| Tumor T stage | 1.000 | 0.596 | 1.47 (0.33, 6.51) | ||
| I/II | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | |||
| III/IV | 10 (43) | 13 (57) | |||
| Resection margin | 0.590 | 0.184 | 2.67 (0.71, 10.05) | ||
| Negative | 11 (55) | 9 (45) | |||
| Positive | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | |||
| Status of primary liver tumor | 0.019 | 0.002 | 5.44 (1.91, 15.51) | ||
| CR | 11 (61) | 7 (39) | |||
| PR/recurrence | 1 (11) | 8 (89) | |||
| Disease-free interval | 0.107 | 0.051 | 0.9662 (0.93, 1.00) | ||
| <12 months | 2 (20) | 8 (80) | |||
| ≥12 months | 10 (61) | 7 (39) | |||
| Distant metastasis-free interval | 0.007 | 0.0002 | 0.85a (0.72,0.99) | ||
| <6 months | 4 (24) | 13 (76) | |||
| ≥6 months | 8 (80) | 2 (20) | |||
| Number of metastatic nodules | 0.252 | 0.945 | 0.99a (0.69, 1.41) | ||
| 1 | 8 (57) | 6 (43) | |||
| ≥2 | 4 (31) | 9 (69) | |||
| Laterality | 0.091 | 0.121 | 2.35 (0.83, 6.62) | ||
| Unilateral | 11 (55) | 9 (45) | |||
| Bilateral | 1 (14) | 6 (86) | |||
| Maximum size of the metastatic nodules | 0.662 | 0.716 | 0.95a (0.71, 1.26) | ||
| <3.0 cm | 10 (48) | 11 (52) | |||
| ≥3.0 cm | 2 (33) | 4 (67) | |||
| Type of pulmonary resection | 0.569 | 0.562 | 1.74 (0.23, 13.26) | ||
| Lobectomy | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | |||
| Wedge | 10 (42) | 14 (58) | |||
| Surgical method | 0.707 | 0.878 | 0.92 (0.33, 2.59) | ||
| Thoracotomy | 6 (40) | 9 (60) | |||
| Video-assisted thoracic surgery | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | |||
| Number of pulmonary surgeries | 1.000 | 0.338 | 0.80a (0.48, 1.34) | ||
| 1 | 9 (45) | 11 (55) | |||
| ≥2 | 3 (43) | 4 (57) | |||
CR, complete remission; PR/recurrence, partial response or recurrence in liver.
a
Age, disease-free interval, distant metastasis-free-interval, number of metastatic nodules, maximum size of the metastatic nodule, and number of pulmonary surgeries were considered as continuous variables in Cox regression for hazard ratio calculation. With a continuous variable, hazard ratio indicates change in risk due to each unit rise.
b
One hepatitis B-positive patient was excluded due to indeterminate serological status.