Table 5.

Stratification factors in first-line phase III clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma

Study arm vs. placebo arm	SUN1170 (sunitinib)	BRISK-FL (brivanib)	LiGHT (linifanib)	SEARCH (+erlotinib)	CheckMate-459 (nivolumab)	REFLECT (lenivatinib)
Stratification factor	Region Vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic spread Prior TACE	ECOG-PS score Extrahepatic spread and/or vascular invasion Study site	Region ECOG-PS score Vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic spread Hepatitis B virus infection	Region ECOG-PS score Vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic spread Smoking status	Etiology Region Vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic spread	Region ECOG-PS score Vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic spread Body weight