Table 3.
Association between patient demographic and clinical characteristics and 12-month survival, Cox proportional hazards regression (2007 and 2012 National Cancer Institute Patterns of Care data)
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | Median survival, months | |
|---|---|---|
| Year of diagnosis | ||
| 2007 | ref. | 4 |
| 2012 | 0.99 (0.74, 1.33) | 4 |
| Age at diagnosis | ||
| <50 years | ref. | 8 |
| 50–59 years | 2.62 (1.13, 6.10) | 4 |
| 60–69 years | 3.12 (1.40, 6.93) | 5 |
| ≥70 years | 2.86 (1.29, 6.34) | 3 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | ref. | 4 |
| Female | 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) | 4 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | ref. | 4 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.97 (0.62, 1.50) | 4 |
| Hispanic | 0.93 (0.65, 1.33) | 5 |
| Asian/other | 1.42 (0.99, 2.04) | 3 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/living as married | ref. | 4 |
| Other | 0.90 (0.61, 1.32) | 4 |
| Insurance status | ||
| Private insurance | ref. | 5 |
| Medicare only | 1.18 (0.81, 1.72) | 3 |
| Any Medicaid | 0.97 (0.60, 1.58) | 4 |
| No insurance/unknown | 0.89 (0.34, 2.34) | 3 |
| Median census tract income | 4 | |
| USD ≤50,000/year | ref. | |
| USD >50,000/year | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | 5 |
| Treatment received | ||
| Any sorafenib | ref. | 7 |
| Any liver transplant | 0.10 (0.01, 0.77) | not reached |
| Surgery only | 0.70 (0.30, 1.65) | 15 |
| Embolization only | 0.79 (0.49, 1.29) | 7 |
| Systemic chemotherapy only | 2.27 (1.41, 3.66) | 3 |
| Radiofrequency ablation only | 4.53 (2.18, 9.40) | 2.5 |
| Multiple therapies | 0.50 (0.30, 0.83) | 10 |
| No treatment | 3.79 (2.89, 4.96) | 2 |
| Unknown treatment | 1.45 (0.38, 5.60) | 1.5 |
| Hepatitis | ||
| Yes | ref. | 4 |
| No indication | 1.44 (0.98, 2.13) | 4 |
| Cirrhosis | ||
| Yes | ref. | 5 |
| No indication | 0.90 (0.68, 1.18) | 4 |
| Child-Pugh score | ||
| Class A | ref. | 6 |
| Class B | 1.43 (1.07, 1.90) | 3 |
| Sorafenib | ||
| Yes | n.a. | 7 |
| No | 3 | |
Italics indicate p < 0.05. n.a., not applicable (already adjusted for within the treatment variable).