Table 2.

Studies finding significant risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior among youth in the juvenile justice system (U.S.)^a

	Mental Health		Substance Use and Disorders		Adverse Childhood Experiences		Service Utilization		Crime and Justice Involvement		Parental Involvement/ Social Support		Other
	Ideation	Attempts	Ideation	Attempts	Ideation	Attempts	Ideation	Attempts	Ideation	Attempts	Ideation	Attempts	Ideation	Attempts
Youth Living in the Community
Pre-Adjudication
Battle et al., 1993	depression		alcohol abuse, cocaine use		sexual abuse						mother, grandmother support
Nolen et al., 2008		depression disruptive behavior		substance use disorders						violent or felony offense		not living with both parents
Wasserman & McReynolds, 2006		depression		substance use disorders						prior justice referrals, violence
Post-Adjudication
Evans et al., 1996					sexual abuse				gang membership
Mallett et al., 2012				alcohol dependence				mental health services		residential placement, shelter care
Youth Living in Secure Justice Facilities
Detention
Intake to Detention
Abram et el., 2008		depression anxiety
Archer, Stredny, Mason, & Arnau, 2004													past suicide attempt
Bhatta et al., 2014	depression, problems with anger management		alcohol use		sexual abuse		mental health services						homelessness, health problems	running away from home
Cauffman, 2004													delayed suicide screening
Chapman & Ford, 2008			substance use		trauma history
Rohde et al., 1997	depression, impulsivity	impulsiveness			major life events						loneliness, fewer close relatives	not living with a parent; loneliness, fewer close relatives	younger age	dropping out of school
During Stay in Detention Facility
Esposito & Clum, 2002					sexual abuse						social support		problem-solving confidence
Goldstein et al., 2003	depression
Kempton & Forehand, 1992		depression
Post-Disposition
During Stay in Post-Disposition Secure Facility
Freedenthal et al., 2007	mental disorder symptoms		inhalant use and abuse		trauma history
Youth Sampled at Multiple Points of Contact
Corcoran & Graham, 2002	depression, internalizing & externalizing problems						mental health service referral						health status
Morris et al., 1995h			substance use		sexual abuse					gang member			younger age	younger age, history of sexually transmitted disease
Penn et al., 2003						family/friend suicide attempt		mental health service				less likely to live with relative
Wasserman et al., 2010i										repeat offender, detention, secure placement				suicidal ideation at admission

^aOnly risk factors that were significantly associated with suicidal ideation or attempts in final models were included.