Table 2.
The Association of log-Aldosterone and log-Renin with Incident Cardiovascular Disease (CHD, Stroke, Heart Failure) over 7 years
| Lower Median | Upper Median | Continuous (per 1-unit SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| log-Aldosterone | n=2131 | n=2029 | n=4,160 |
| Median Aldosterone ng/dl (Interquartile Range) | 2.6 (1.9, 3.4) | 7 (5.5, 9.6) | 4.3 (2.5, 6.9) |
| Cardiovascular Disease Cases | 129 | 193 | 322 |
| Rate per 1000 person-years | 8.5 (7.2, 10.1) | 13.5 (11.7, 15.5) | 10.9 (9.8, 12.2) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) *† | 1.00 (referent) | 1.55 (1.24, 1.94) | 1.25 (1.12, 1.38) |
| Model 1 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.59 (1.27, 1.98) | 1.26 (1.14, 1.40) |
| Model 2 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.41 (1.11, 1.81) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) |
| Model 3 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.31 (1.02, 1.68) | 1.13 (1.00, 1.27) |
| log-Plasma Renin Activity | n= 918 | n=901 | n=1,819 |
| Median Plasma Renin Activity ng/ml/hour Interquartile Range) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 1 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) |
| Cardiovascular Disease Cases | 86 | 105 | 191 |
| Rate per 1000 person-years | 11.9 (9.7, 14.8) | 15.0 (12.4, 18.1) | 13.4 (11.7, 15.5) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) *† | 1.00 (referent) | 1.18 (0.88, 1.56) | 1.15 (1.00, 1.31) |
| Model 1 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.65) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.33) |
| Model 2 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.76) | 1.20 (1.03, 1.39) |
| Model 3 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.21 (0.87, 1.67) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.35) |
Cox-Proportional Hazards Model —Hazard ratio is per 1-unit standard deviation increase in log-aldosterone or log-plasma renin activity for continuous analysis.
Unadjusted: (log-aldosterone n=4,160 with 322 cases of incident CVD: log-plasma renin activity n=1,819 with 191 cases of incident CVD)
Model 1: age, sex, education, current occupation status, smoking, physical activity (American Heart Association-Life’s Simple 7), dietary intake (American Heart Association-Life’s Simple 7), alcohol use and body-mass index (kg/m2) (log-aldosterone n=4,160 with 322 cases of incident CVD: log-plasma renin activity n=1,819 with 191 cases of incident CVD)
Model 2: Model 1 + systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and hemoglobin A1c (log-aldosterone n=3,805 with 267 cases of incident CVD: log-plasma renin activity n=1,665 with 162 cases of incident CVD)
Model 3: Model 2 + estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI) (log-aldosterone n=3,798 with 266 cases of incident CVD: log-plasma renin activity n=1,661 with 161 cases of incident CVD)