Table 3.
The Association of log-Aldosterone and log-Plasma Renin Activity with All-Cause Mortality over 8 years
| Lower Median | Upper Median | Continuous (per 1-unit SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| log-Aldosterone | n=2,544 | n=2,441 | n=4,985 |
| Median Aldosterone ng/dl (Interquartile Range) | 2.6 (1.9, 3.5) | 7.3 (5.7, 10.1) | 4.4 (2.6, 7.2) |
| All-Cause Mortality Cases | 244 | 269 | 513 |
| Rate per 1000 person-years | 11.6 (10.2, 13.2) | 13.4 (11.9, 15.1) | 12.5 (11.4, 13.6) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) *† | 1.00 (referent) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.36) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.22) |
| Model 1 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) |
| Model 2 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.34) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) |
| Model 3 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.24) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) |
| log-Plasma Renin Activity | n=1232 | n=1018 | n=2,250 |
| Median Plasma Renin Activity ng/ml/hour (Interquartile Range) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 1.2 (0.8, 2.6) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) |
| All-Cause Mortality Cases | 137 | 160 | 297 |
| Rate per 1000 person-years | 12.3 (10.4, 14.6) | 17.7 (15.2, 20.7) | 14.7 (13.2, 16.5) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) *† | 1.00 (referent) | 1.41 (1.13, 1.78) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.26) |
| Model 1 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.40 (1.11, 1.76) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) |
| Model 2 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.59 (1.22, 2.06) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.32) |
| Model 3 hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.53 (1.18, 1.99) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) |
Cox-Proportional Hazards Model — Hazard ratio is per 1-unit standard deviation increase in log-aldosterone or log-plasma renin activity for continuous analysis
Unadjusted: (log-aldosterone n=4,985 with 513 deaths: log-plasma renin activity n=2,250 with 297 deaths)
Model 1: age, sex, education, current occupation status, smoking, physical activity (American Heart Association-Life’s Simple 7), dietary intake (American Heart Association-Life’s Simple 7), alcohol use and body-mass index (kg/m2) (log-aldosterone n=4,985 with 513 deaths: log-plasma renin activity n=2,250 with 297 deaths)
Model 2: Model 1 + systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and hemoglobin A1c (log-aldosterone n=4,508 with 414 deaths: log-plasma renin activity n=2,036 with 249 deaths)
Model 3: Model 2 + estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI) (log-aldosterone n=4,499 with 412 deaths: log-plasma renin activity n=2,030 with 247 deaths)