Table 2.

Nanometer sensors that sense curvature.

Protein	Curvature localized to in vitro	Scale	BAR domain	Insertional amphipathic helix	Deform liposomes in vitro?	Formation of higher ordered structures	Membrane binding sensitive to electrostatics	Membrane binding sensitive to lipid packing defects	Undergo PTM	Primary Function	References
Endophilin	Positive	nm	+ N-BAR	+	+	+	+	+	+	Endocytosis	[15, 44, 123–126]
Amphiphysin	Positive	nm	+ N-BAR	+	+	+	+	Unknown	Unknown	Endocytosis	[14, 104, 127]
IRSp53	Negative	nm	+ I-BAR	−	+	Unknown	+	Unknown	Unknown	Filopodia formation	[42, 128–131]
ESCRT-III	Negative	nm	−	+	+	+	+	Unknown	Unknown	Multivesicular body formation	[132–134]
ArfGAP1	Positive	nm	−	+	Unknown	Unknown	−	+	+	Vesicular trafficking	[10, 12, 135, 136]
SpoVM	Positive	µm	−	+	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown. Suggested by [29]	−	Forespore formation in B. subtilis	[21, 29]
DivIVa	Negative	µm	−	+	−	+	Unknown	Unknown	−	Cell division site selection	[137]
Septin	Positive	µm	−	Unknown	+	+	+	Unknown	+	Cytokinesis	[30, 33, 36, 91, 103]