Panel A, spleen cells from WT and CD1d- BALB/c mice were stained with fluorochrome-labeled anti-B220 and anti-CD1d mAbs, and analyzed for CD1d expression by B220+ cells (B cells) by flow cytometry. Panel B, Lymphoid cells from the lungs of WT and CD1d- mice immunized with OVA were stained with fluorochrome-labeled α-GalCer-CD1d-tetramer and anti-TCRβ mAb, then analyzed by flow cytometry for CD1d-tetramer binding to TCRβ+ cells. In this representative sample, NKT cells lie within Gate 1, and conventional T cells lie within Gate 2. Panel C, average numbers of TCRβ+ α-GalCer-CD1d-tetramer+ cells per pair of lungs from WT and CD1d- mice inoculated with saline, OVA or HDM. Panel D, WT and CD1d- mice were inoculated once i.t with vehicle or α-GalCer and analyzed 2 days later for airway responsiveness. 2 experiments pooled, 6 mice/group, for Panels A-C, 9-12/group for D. * = p <0.05 as compared to saline-treated mice. † = p <0.05 as compared to CD1d- mice.