Table 2. PERMANOVA and ANOSIM.

Nonparametric tests used to assess significant differences in morphospace occupation between the four genera. The significance is computed by permutation of group membership, with 9,999 replicates. Euclidean distances were chosen as a measure unit.

PERMANOVA
p-values	Brachycarcharias	Carcharias	Carcharomodus	Lamna
Indeterminate	0.7051	0.493	0.061	0.477
Brachycarcharias		0.006*	0.005*	0.007*
Carcharias			0.046*	0.018*
Carcharomodus				0.004*
F-values
Indeterminate	0.242	0.604	2.609	0.635
Brachycarcharias		6.694	6.450	6.491
Carcharias			3.392	4.740
Carcharomodus				7.158
ANOSIM
p-values	Brachycarcharias	Carcharias	Carcharomodus	Lamna
Indeterminate	0.844	0.975	0.179	0.645
Brachycarcharias		0.004*	0.002*	0.0001*
Carcharias			0.081	0.0002*
Carcharomodus				0.0002*
R-values
Indeterminate	-0.134	-0.203	0.158	-0.047
Brachycarcharias		0.087	0.197	0.163
Carcharias			0.080	0.117
Carcharomodus				0.224

* indicates significant comparisons (p < 0.05) thereby suggesting that groups exhibit considerably different morphospace occupation.

The overall p-values for PERMANOVA and ANOSIM are 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively.