Table 4.
Odds ratios of current smoking relative to never on HPV-16 infection among women who have had five or more lifetime sexual partners.
| OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
| Overall associationa | 1.45 | (0.88, 2.40) |
| Mediator-adjusted associationb | 1.34 | (0.81, 2.23) |
| Causal mediation analysisa | ||
| Total natural indirect effect | 1.29 | (1.10, 1.81) |
| Pure natural direct effect | 0.93 | (0.31, 1.97) |
all models adjusted for model covariates: age, age at sexual debut, lifetime number of sexual partners
a
the traditional method assesses the degree of attenuation between the overall association and the mediator adjusted association; higher attenuation suggests more of an indirect effect, less attenuation suggests more of a direct effect
b
additionally adjusted for HPV-16 antibody status