Table 1.
Study Patients
| All patients (n=120) | Tumors ≤ 5 cm | Tumors > 5 cm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MVI Absent (n=32) | MVI Present (n=19) | p Value | MVI Absent (n=35) | MVI Present (n=34) | p Value | ||
| Demographic data and history | |||||||
| Age, y, median (range) | 70(21–89) | 66(48–78) | 71 (21–84) | 0.215 | 74(45–89) | 73 (27–88) | 0.346 |
| Male, n (%) | 87 (73) | 23 (72) | 16 (84) | 0.315 | 21 (60) | 27 (79) | 0.080 |
| Primary liver disease, n (%) | 0.999 | 0.042* | |||||
| Hepatitis B | 22 (18%) | 5 (16%) | 3 (16%) | 2 (6%) | 12 (35%) | ||
| Hepatitis C | 27 (23%) | 14 (44%) | 8 (42%) | 3 (9%) | 2 (6%) | ||
| Hepatitis B + C | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | ||
| Alcoholism | 11 (9%) | 3 (9%) | 2 (11%) | 4 (11%) | 2 (6%) | ||
| Hemochromatosis | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| None | 58 (48%) | 10 (31%) | 6 (32%) | 25 (71%) | 17 (50%) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2, n(%) | 0.651 | 0.560 | |||||
| <25 | 41 (34%) | 11 (34%) | 9 (47%) | 10 (29%) | 11 (31%) | ||
| 25–29.9 | 48 (40%) | 11 (34%) | 5 (26%) | 15 (43%) | 17 (50%) | ||
| >30 | 31 (26%) | 10 (31%) | 5 (26%) | 10 (29%) | 6 (18%) | ||
| Child Pugh Class B, n(%) | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | -- | 3 (9%) | 1 (3%) | 0.317 |
| MELD, median (range) | 8 (6–20) | 7 (6–12) | 8 (6.4–15) | 0.128 | 8 (6–20) | 8 (6–15) | 0.791 |
| Preoperative tests | |||||||
| AFP, ng/mL, median (range) | 17 (1–165000) | 11 (2–4956) | 49 (2–2995) | 0.060 | 9 (1–90408) | 710 (1–165000) | < 0.001* |
| Missing, n(%) | 9 (8%) | 2 (6%) | 1 (5%) | 2 (6%) | 4 (12%) | ||
| Imputed AFP, ng/mL, median (range) | 17 (1–165000) | 10 (2–4956) | 44 (2–2995) | 0.050 | 10 (1–90408) | 1149 (1–165000) | < 0.001* |
| Platelet, K/mcL, median (range) | 216 (93–431) | 184 (93–352) | 182 (95–377) | 0.996 | 224 (136–483) | 244 (134–589) | 0.160 |
| Largest tumor size on CT, cm, median (range) | 6 (1.2–17.8) | 3.4 (1.4–5.0) | 3.6 (1.2–5.0) | 0.436 | 7.8 (5.1–17.8) | 12.5 (5.6–17.3) | 0.001* |
| Multiple tumors on CT, n (%) | 11 (9%) | 3 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 0.169 | 4 (11%) | 4 (12%) | 0.965 |
| Beyond Milan criteria on CT, n (%) | 71 (59%) | 2 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.254 | 35 (100%) | 34 (100%) | -- |
| Operative data | |||||||
| Major hepatectomy, n (%) | 56 (47%) | 8 (25%) | 1 (21%) | 0.182 | 20 (57%) | 27 (79%) | 0.075 |
| Operative blood loss, mL, median (range) | 300 (50–5600) | 250 (50–3000) | 175 (20–3000) | 0.074 | 300 (25–3000) | 400 (100–5600) | 0.133 |
| Pathological data | |||||||
| Multiple tumors or satellites on path, n (%) | 25 (21%) | 7 (22%) | 4 (21%) | 0.945 | 7 (20%) | 7 (21%) | 0.952 |
| Largest tumor size on path, cm, median (range) | 6.5 (1.3–22) | 3.2 (1.3–6.2) | 3.5 (1.5–7.6) | 0.109 | 8 (4–18) | 12 (5–22) | 0.001* |
| Differentiation, n (%) | 0.283 | 0.013* | |||||
| Well | 17 (14%) | 7 (22%) | 2 (11%) | 7 (20%) | 1 (3%) | ||
| Moderate | 84 (70%) | 23 (72%) | 16 (84%) | 24 (69%) | 21 (62%) | ||
| Poor | 18 (15%) | 2 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (11%) | 12 (35%) | ||
| Hepatic capsule invasion, n (%) | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | -- | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 0.572 |
| Microscopic positive margin, n (%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | -- | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 0.983 |
| Liver fibrosis, n(%) | 69 (58%) | 24 (77%) | 14 (70%) | 0.917 | 16 (46%) | 15 (44%) | 0.894 |
| Cirrhosis | 22 (18%) | 10 (31%) | 9 (45%) | 0.250 | 1 (3%) | 2 (6%) | 0.538 |
| Steatosis, n (%) | 0.079 | 0.190 | |||||
| None | 77 (64%) | 11 (34%) | 12 (42%) | 27 (77%) | 27 (79%) | ||
| Mild | 31 (26%) | 13 (41%) | 6 (32%) | 5 (14%) | 7 (21%) | ||
| Moderate | 12 (10%) | 8 (25%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (9%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Tumor necrosis, n (%) | 0.277 | 0.473 | |||||
| None | 95 (79%) | 31 (97%) | 17 (89%) | 22 (63%) | 25 (74%) | ||
| ≤10% | 15 (13%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (11%) | 7 (20%) | 5 (15%) | ||
| 10.1–50% | 8 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (11%) | 4 (12%) | ||
| >50% | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (6%) | 0 (0%) | ||
*
Significant.
MVI, microvascular invasion; BMI, body mass index; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; AFP, α-fetoprotein; CT, computerized tomography.