Table III.
Secondary exploratory analyses of the association between food insecurity and measures of HIV disease progression and access to HIV care
| CD4 dichotomousa | CD4 continuousb | Time to ARTc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome
|
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) |
p-value | Hazard Ratio | p-value |
| Variable | ||||||
| Mild and moderate food insecurity (vs. secure) | 1.14 (0.66, 2.00) |
0.74 | Food secure vs. food insecure | 2.88 (0.42, 19.77) |
0.19 | |
| Severe food insecurity (vs. secure) | 1.28 (0.67, 2.46) |
−36.7 (−92.9, 19.5) |
0.19 | 0.50 (0.11,2.20) |
||
|
| ||||||
| 12 month (vs. baseline) | 1.44 (0.90, 2.29) |
0.13 | −99.7 (−149.0, −50.4) |
0.0001 | – | – |
|
| ||||||
| Social support | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
0.55 | −1.7 (−6.9, 3.6) |
0.52 | 1.24 (1.07, 1.44) |
0.004 |
|
| ||||||
| Age | 1.00 (0.95, 1.04) |
0.88 | 1.9 (−4.0, 7.7) |
0.53 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) |
0.75 |
|
| ||||||
| Gender (female vs. male) | 0.74 (0.42, 1.32) |
0.31 | 16.7 (−59.5, 92.9) |
0.66 | 0.55 (0.16, 1.98) |
0.36 |
|
| ||||||
| Underweight | 1.05 (0.35, 3.12) |
0.93 | 79.5 (−42.1,201.1) |
0.19 | 5.60 (0.49, 63.65) |
0.16 |
|
| ||||||
| Income (high vs. low) | 0.75 (0.44, 1.26) |
0.28 | 5.4 (−53.9, 64.8) |
0.85 | 2.31 (0.72, 7.43) |
0.16 |
|
| ||||||
| Depressive symptoms (past week symptoms) | 1.17 (0.69, 1.99) |
0.55 | −24.3 (−85.8, 37.1) |
0.43 | 2.07 (0.62, 6.99) |
0.23 |
|
| ||||||
| Heavy drinking past month (yes vs. no) | 1.70 (0.94, 3.07) |
0.07 | −45.7 (−111.4, 20.0) |
0.17 | 2.67 (0.64, 11.17) |
0.17 |
|
| ||||||
| Injection drug use past month (yes vs. no) | 1.77 (1.05, 3.00) |
0.03 | −27.9 (−88.5, 32.7) |
0.36 | 0.18 (0.04, 0.79) |
0.023 |
|
| ||||||
| Incarcerated Past year(yes vs. no) | – | – | – | – | 2.21 (0.52, 9.44) |
0.28 |
a
n=253; observations 344. Outcomes dichotomized at CD4 < 350 cells/mm3.
b
n=253; observations 344. This outcome is continuous, but independent variable in the model is dichotomized as food secure, vs any food insecurity.
c
n=57. Time to ART exploratory outcome limited to subjects with CD4 < 350 cells/mm3 i.e. only those who should have been eligible for ART via local guidelines.