Table 4.

Multivariate odds ratios, with 95 % confidence intervals, for correlates of self-reported work disability among U.S.-born and foreign-born persons ages 18–64

	Full Sample		Foreign-born
	Men n = 2,636,835	Women n = 2,778,142	Men n = 382,737	Women n = 395,270
Age Groupa
<35	(ref.)	(ref.)	(ref.)	(ref.)
35–44	2.72 (2.65–2.78)	2.77 (2.71–2.83)	1.81 (1.67–1.96)	2.04 (1.91–2.20)
45–54	5.00 (4.90–5.11)	4.69 (4.59–4.80)	3.26 (3.01–3.53)	3.75 (3.49–4.03)
55+	10.04 (9.82–10.27)	7.43 (7.26–7.59)	6.68 (6.15–7.25)	7.18 (6.65–7.76)
Education
<High school	10.88 (10.52–11.26)	9.43 (9.15–9.72)	5.93 (5.37–6.55)	5.06 (4.61–5.56)
High school	4.87 (4.71–5.03)	3.87 (3.75–3.98)	3.63 (3.29–4.00)	2.78 (2.53–3.04)
Some college	3.24 (3.13–3.35)	2.67 (2.59–2.75)	2.73 (2.47–3.01)	1.96 (1.79–2.15)
Baccalaureate	1.40 (1.34–1.45)	1.26 (1.22–1.31)	1.55 (1.39–1.72)	1.28 (1.16–1.42)
Postgraduate	(ref.)	(ref.)	(ref.)	(ref.)
Marital Status
Married	(ref.)	(ref.)	(ref.)	(ref.)
Widowed	2.16 (2.06–2.26)	2.16 (2.10–2.21)	1.76 (1.48–2.08)	2.06 (1.91–2.22)
Divorced	2.08 (2.04–2.11)	2.04 (2.01–2.07)	1.74 (1.62–1.87)	1.75 (1.66–1.86)
Separated	2.29 (2.21–2.38)	2.55 (2.47–2.62)	1.96 (1.75–2.19)	1.83 (1.69–1.99)
Never married	2.81 (2.76–2.86)	2.22 (2.18–2.26)	2.02 (1.91–2.15)	1.90 (1.79–2.01)
Foreign-bornb	0.39 (0.38–0.39)	0.40 (0.39–0.41)
Citizenship
Noncitizen			(ref.)	(ref.)
Naturalized			1.18 (1.12–1.25)	1.12 (1.07–1.17)
Born abroad to U.S. citizens			1.49 (1.34–1.65)	1.62 (1.47–1.78)
Decade of entry
Before 1960			(ref.)	(ref.)
1960–1969			1.07 (0.97–1.18)	1.07 (0.97–1.17)
1970–1979			0.93 (0.84–1.03)	1.00 (0.91–1.10)
1980–1989			0.76 (0.69–0.85)	0.85 (0.77–0.94)
1990–1999			0.61 (0.55–0.69)	0.73 (0.65–0.81)
2000 and after			0.43 (0.38–0.49)	0.55 (0.49–0.62)
Origin
U.S. (50 states and DC)	(ref.)	(ref.)	––	––
U.S. Territories	1.00 (0.93–1.08)	1.15 (1.08–1.22)	––	––
Canada	0.59 (0.52–0.67)	0.59 (0.52–0.66)	0.95 (0.81–1.12)	0.97 (0.84–1.11)
Other Americas
Caribbean	0.50 (0.47–0.53)	0.48 (0.45–0.50)	1.08 (0.95–1.23)	1.05 (0.94–1.16)
Central America	0.26 (0.25–0.27)	0.28 (0.27–0.29)	0.67 (0.59–0.76)	0.72 (0.65–0.80)
South America	0.34 (0.31–0.38)	0.35 (0.33–0.38)	0.74 (0.65–0.86)	0.78 (0.69–0.88)
Africa	0.53 (0.48–0.60)	0.48 (0.43–0.54)	1.12 (0.95–1.31)	1.10 (0.95–1.28)
Asia
Eastern Asia	0.45 (0.42–0.49)	0.40 (0.37–0.42)	0.82 (0.72–0.94)	0.75 (0.67–0.84)
South Central Asia	0.67 (0.61–0.73)	0.71 (0.65–0.77)	1.21 (1.05–1.40)	1.40 (1.24–1.58)
Southeastern Asia	0.62 (0.58–0.66)	0.52 (0.49–0.55)	1.17 (1.03–1.33)	1.05 (0.94–1.16)
Western Asia	0.75 (0.65–0.85)	0.79 (0.69–0.90)	1.37 (1.15–1.63)	1.53 (1.31–1.79)
Europe
Northern Europe	0.52 (0.46–0.59)	0.51 (0.45–0.57)	0.80 (0.68–0.95)	0.79 (0.68–0.91)
Southern Europe	0.60 (0.55–0.66)	0.60 (0.55–0.66)	1.03 (0.90–1.18)	1.0 8 (0.95–1.22)
Western Europe	0.77 (0.70–0.86)	0.72 (0.67–0.78)	(ref.)	(ref.)
Former Soviet Union	1.10 (0.98–1.23)	1.32 (1.20–1.46)	2.16 (1.84–2.53)	2.63 (2.30–3.01)
Other Eastern Europe	0.52 (0.45–0.59)	0.48 (0.42–0.55)	0.97 (0.82–1.16)	0.92 (0.78–1.08)
Oceania	0.76 (0.60–0.96)	0.50 (0.40–0.64)	1.47 (1.14–1.90)	1.00 (0.78–1.29)
Unknownc	0.54 (0.39–0.74)	0.46 (0.33–0.65)	0.95 (0.69–1.32)	0.88 (0.63–1.24)

Notes: All estimates are calculated using ACS sample weights. Because of the weighting the actual sampling error may be slightly larger than that shown in the table.

Source: American Community Survey, 2005–2007.

^aSensitivity analyses exploring alternative treatments of age as continuous variable showed no effect on most origin coefficients or their statistical significance.

^bEstimates are from a model that replaced Origin indicator variables with a binary Nativity variable.

^cOrigins were classified as unknown when place of birth was not well specified for foreign-born individuals.