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Type 1 and type 2 cytokines signaling cascade is dependent on the enzymatic activity of members of the Janus kinase family: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. These enzymes phosphorylate STATs. First-generation JAK inhibitors (red line) block more than one JAK and consequently, inhibit the effect of several cytokines. Selective JAK inhibitors (green line: JAK1; purple line: JAK3, blue line: TYK2), instead have the potential to limit the activity of only selected cytokines.
