Table 2.
Patient characteristics.
| Study | intervention/control (N) | Mean age (SD) | Sex (%, male) | Mean baseline HAMD (SD) | Hemisphere stroke side (%, left) | Depression diagnosis N (%, major depression) | Time since stroke onset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipsey33 | Nortriptyline(N = 14) | 62(9) | 64 | 13.9(0.79) | 50 | 7(50%) | 262(437) days |
| Placebo(N = 20) | 60(12) | 65 | 16.57(0.85) | 34 | 12(60%) | 128(190) days | |
| Andersen 1994 | Citalopram(N = 33) | 68.2(4.2) | 36 | 19.4(3.1) | 36.4 | NR | 10.6(9.8) weeks |
| Placebo(N = 33) | 65.8(9.0) | 42 | 18.9(2.8) | 39.4 | 13.2(11.0) weeks | ||
| Gonzalez 1995 | Fluoxetine(N = 26) | 66.71(12.60)a | 52 | 23.52 | 47.9 | 34(71%) | within 4 weeks |
| Nortriptyline(N = 11) | 21.48 | ||||||
| Control(N = 11) | 23.52 | ||||||
| Robinson 2000 | Fluoxetine(N = 23) | 65(14) | 74 | 20.4(4.7) | 39.1 | 11(48%) | within 6 months |
| Nortriptyline(N = 16) | 64(10) | 31 | 22.5(8.5) | 37.5 | 10(63%) | ||
| Placebo(N = 17) | 73(8) | 53 | 17.5(6.2) | 29.4 | 6(35%) | ||
| Kimura 2000 | Nortrityline(N = 21) | 59.6(9.1) | 47.6 | 17.38(4.3) | 57.1 | 14(67%) | 111(137) days |
| Placebo(N = 26) | 60.7(11.8) | 65.4 | 17.92(3.95) | 42.3 | 19(73%) | 190(243) days | |
| Taragano 2001 | Nimodipine + SSRI(N = 40) | 69.1(8.7) | 33 | 26.8(5.8) | NR | 100% | NR |
| SSRI(N = 44) | 68.4(7.1) | 25 | 25.5(4.4) | ||||
| Fruehwald 2003 | Fluoxetine(N = 28); | 64.8(13.8) | 46.2 | 32.8(12.7) | 30.8 | NR | 11.0(3.9) days |
| Placebo(N = 26) | 64.0(14.3) | 70.8 | 30.3(15.0) | 50 | 11.1 ± 3.5 days | ||
| Kimura 2003 | Nortrityline(N = 13) | 64.8(11.3) | 46.2 | 17.0(4.8) | 46.2 | 6(46%) | 73(101) days |
| Placebo(N = 14) | 55(15.2) | 50.0 | 17.4(4.0) | 35.7 | 11(79%) | 117(159) days | |
| Rampello21 | Citalopram(N = 37) | 73.13(4) | 45.9 | 22.54(1.87) | 48.6 | NR | 13.64(5.33) weeks |
| Reboxetine(N = 37) | 74.71(4.66) | 48.6 | 22.76(2.02) | 40.5 | 12.66(4.47) weeks | ||
| Rampello22 | Reboxetine(N = 16); | 77.5(4) | 43.8 | 24.06(1.52) | 56.3 | NR | 12.06(4.23) weeks |
| Placebo(N = 15) | 77.26(3.6) | 46.7 | 24 (1.31) | 56.3 | 12.26(4.77) weeks | ||
| Huang 2005 | Fluoxetine(N = 30) | 58(6) | 56.7 | 21.3(2.64) | NR | NR | NR |
| Clomipramine(N = 30) | NR | NR | 20.09(2.1) | ||||
| Ye 2006 | Paroxetine(N = 30) | 58.06(8.46) | 73.3 | 25.18(7.02) | 60 | NR | NR |
| Imipramine(N = 30) | 56.98(11.42) | 60.0 | 24.2(9.04) | 60 | |||
| Control(N = 30) | 59.37(9.56) | 56.7 | 25.12(5.19) | 63.3 | |||
| Lian 2008 | TCM (N = 60) | 68.5(4.10) | 46.7 | 25.2(3.8) | 58.3 | NR | within 6 weeks |
| Fluoxetine(N = 60) | 69.2(3.5) | 41.7 | 25.5(3.1) | 51.7 | |||
| Placebo(N = 30) | 67.8(3.90) | 56.7 | 24.3(2.90) | 40 | |||
| Cravello 2009 | Fluoxetine(N = 25) | 65.9(12.7) | 36 | 19.2(4.4) | NR | 100% | 146.8(41.5) days |
| Venlafaxine(N = 25) | 64.2(14.1) | 44 | 17(4.5) | 147.6(47.9) days | |||
| Dimitrios 2012 | Duloxetine(N = 20) | 51.1 (13.4) | NR | 24.5 (7.5) | NR | NR | within 12 months |
| Citalopram(N = 20) | 54.3 (12.5) | 23.7 (6.7) | |||||
| Sertraline(N = 20) | 52.4 (11.4) | 23.8 (7.3) | |||||
| Jorge23 | Active rTMS(N = 10) | 63.1(8.1) | 60 | 20.1(6.7) | NR | 8(80%) | 17.8(14.3) months |
| Sham rTMS(N = 10) | 66.5(12.2) | 50 | 20.8(6.0) | 9(90%) | |||
| Jorge-12K24 d | Active rTMS(N = 15) | 62.9(7.2) | 60 | 19.5(5.8) | NR | 12(80%) | NR |
| Sham rTMS(N = 15) | 66.1(11.0) | 47 | 19.9(5.4) | 12(80%) | |||
| Jorge-18K24 d | Active rTMS(N = 33) | 64.3(9.4) | 39 | 18.4(3.4) | NR | 28(85%) | NR |
| Sham rTMS(N = 29) | 62.1(8.5) | 41 | 17.6(5.6) | 22(76%) | |||
| Narushima25 | Active rTMS(N = 32) | 61.5(2.5)b | 40.6 | 16.52(1.6) | NR | 100% | NR |
| Sham rTMS(N = 11) | 45.5 | 16.8(1.9) | |||||
| Tenev 2010 | Active rTMS(N = 33) | 64.5(8.9) | 39 | 18.7(2.9) | NR | 28(85%)c | NR |
| Sham rTMS(N = 29) | 63.3(8.5) | 41 | 17.6(4.6) | 22(77%) | |||
| Seo 2016 | Active rTMS(N = 12) | 58.1(8.7) | 50.0 | 10.0(1.3) | NR | NR | 10.3(2.7) months |
| Sham rTMS(N = 12) | 58.3(7.8) | 41.7 | 10.0(0.9) | 10.1(2.3) months | |||
| Feng 2004 | Psychotherapy(N = 30) | 67.21(10.12) | 60.0 | 12.1(3.4) | 53.3 | NR | NR |
| Control(N = 30) | 66.38(9.07) | 53.3 | 13.7(3.8) | 56.7 | |||
| Williams 2006 | P + A(N = 89) | 60(13) | 39 | 18.0(5.4) | NR | 64(%) | within 2 months |
| Control(N = 93) | 60(11) | 52 | 19.2(5.9) | 70(%) | |||
| Mitchell 2009 | P + A(n = 48) | 57(25–88) | 60.4 | 20.0(4.53) | 37.5 | NR | within 4 months |
| SSRI(N = 53) | 57(29–88) | 60.4 | 19.8(4.15) | 52.8 |
aPooled data from 2 groups: major depression group 67(13); minor depression group 66(12).
bPooled data from 2 groups: responder group 60.1(2.2); non-responder group 65.9(2.0).
cAll patients had major depression during the current depressive episode, but some were partially treated and met only DSM-IV-TR minor depression criteria when enrolled in the study.
dThe trial divided patients into 2 group according to the total cumulative dose(TCD) the active groups accepted.
TCM = traditional Chinese medicine.
SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
rTMS = Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
P + A = Psychotherapy plus antidepressants therapy.
NR = not reported.