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. 2017 Nov 28;7:16503. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16769-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Both male and female Sam3 ^−/− mice showed normal sociability, recognition memory, and empathic fear responses and impaired social novelty preference. (A) Time spent in the chamber (sec) during the sociability test for male mice. Sam3 ^+/+, n = 11; Sam3 ^+/−, n = 18; Sam3 ^−/−, n = 17; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, male Sam3 ^+/+, F(2,30) = 64.75, ***p = 0.0004; male Sam3 ^+/−, F(2,51) = 112.8, **p = 0.0067; male Sam3 ^−/−, F(2,48) = 64.80, ***p = 0.0002. (B) Time spent in the chamber (sec) during the social novelty test for male mice. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, Sam3 ^+/+, F(2,30) = 23.59, *p = 0.0135; Sam3 ^+/−, F(2,53) = 46.64, *p = 0.02628; Sam3 ^−/−, F(2,48) = 28.03, p > 0.9999. (C) Time spent in the chamber (sec) during the sociability test for female mice. Sam3 ^+/+, n = 15; Sam3 ^+/−, n = 18; Sam3 ^−/−, n = 13; One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, female Sam3 ^+/+, F(2,48) = 55.33, *p = 0.0260; female Sam3 ^+/−, F(2,51) = 27.89, **p = 0.0023; female Sam3 ^−/−, F(2,36) = 84.07, **p = 0.0048. (D) Time spent in the chamber (sec) during the social novelty test for female mice. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, Sam3 ^+/+, F(2,48) = 63.10, ***p = 0.0003; Sam3 ^+/−, F(2,51) = 27.36, p = 0.7208; Sam3 ^−/−, F(2,36) = 22.19,p > 0.9999. (E) Exploration time (%) during the novel object recognition test for male mice. Sam3 ^+/+, n = 14; Sam3 ^+/−, n = 17; Sam3 ^−/−, n = 14; two-tailed t-test, F(2,42) = 0.13, Sam3 ^+/+, **p = 0.0076; Sam3 ^+/−, *p = 0.0150; Sam3 ^−/−, *p = 0.0017. (F) Exploration time (%) during the novel object recognition test for female mice. Sam3 ^+/+, n = 20; Sam3 ^+/−, n = 18; Sam3 ^−/−, n = 12; two-tailed t-test, F(2,47) = 0.13, Sam3 ^+/+, ***p = 0.0001; Sam3 ^+/−, **p = 0.0016; Sam3 ^−/−, *p = 0.0284. (G) Freezing level (%) during OFL conditioning in male mice. Sam3 ^+/+, n = 10; Sam3 ^+/−, n = 12; Sam3 ^−/−, n = 14; two-way ANOVA, F(2,248) = 0.71, p = 0.4990. (H) Freezing level (%) during the memory test for observational fear in male mice. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, F(2,33) = 1.162, p = 0.3253. (I) Freezing level (%) during the OFL conditioning in female mice. Sam3 ^+/+, n = 11; Sam3 ^+/−, n = 10; Sam3 ^−/−, n = 11; two-way ANOVA, F(2,232) = 0.65, p = 0.5293. (J) Freezing level (%) during the memory test for observational fear in female mice. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, F(2,29) = 0.3073, p = 0.7378. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).