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. 2017 Nov 28;7:16509. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16646-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electromagnetic field computations. (a) Simulated energy deposition pattern on Zr-BMG after exposure to a single fs laser pulse on a rough surface. A surface model is used where roughness is estimated via a distribution of 15 nm size nanoparticles and 50% filling factor. (b) Simulated energy deposition pattern on Zr-BMG after exposure to N = 10 laser pulses. We observe the onset of a clear regular pattern with a periodicity below the wavelength. The insert indicates preferential light trapping and localization at surface depressions. (c) Evolution on a sectional topography profile (line section of the surface relief) with the number of pulses. (d) Typical computed 2D surface topography profiles for an increasing sequence of incoming pulses.