Table 1.

Demographics and treatment in the study population

Factor	Enucleation		Globe preserving treatment						EN vs. GPT	LSRA vs. RT
	n	%	LSRA		Radiation
			n	%	EBRT		BT		p value	p value
					n	%	n	%
Total patients	538		80		609		1384
Follow-up (median)	36 months		65 months		50 months		44 months		< 0.01	< 0.01
Age (mean)	58 years		56 years		59 years		59 years		ns	ns
≤ 60 years	284	52.8	45	56.3	333	54.7	757	54.7
> 60 years	254	47.2	35	43.8	276	45.3	627	45.3	ns	ns
Sex
Male	320	59.5	42	52.5	305	50.1	727	52.5
Female	218	40.5	38	47.5	304	49.9	657	47.5	< 0.01	ns
Race
White	516	95.9	77	96.3	581	95.4	1321	95.4
Other	22	4.1	3	3.8	28	4.6	63	4.6	ns	ns
Treatment year
2004-2008	293	54.5	51	63.8	312	51.2	618	44.7
2009-2013	245	45.5	29	36.3	297	48.8	766	55.3	< 0.01	< 0.01
T-stage
T1	165	30.7	64	80.0	182	29.9	576	41.6
T2	179	33.3	12	15.0	315	51.7	676	48.8
T3	174	32.3	4	5.0	103	16.9	120	8.7
T4	20	3.7	0	0.0	9	1.5	12	0.9	< 0.01	< 0.01
Tumor diameter
Unknown	287	–	56	–	280	–	822	–
Small (≤ 10 mm)	70	27.9	15	62.5	124	37.7	202	35.9
Medium (11-16 mm)	103	41.0	2	8.3	124	37.7	249	44.3
Large (> 16 mm)	78	31.1	7	29.2	81	24.6	111	19.8	< 0.01	< 0.01
Tumor site
Choroid	454	84.4	20	25.0	535	87.8	1294	93.4
Ciliary body	84	15.6	60	75.0	74	12.2	90	6.5	< 0.01	< 0.01
Laser therapy
No	539	100.2	67	83.8	595	97.7	1281	92.6
Yes	0	0.0	13	16.3	14	2.3	103	7.4	< 0.01	< 0.01
Surgery received
Plaque brachytherapy	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1385	100.0
Local tumor ablation	0	0.0	14	17.5	17	54.8	113	86.3
Local tumor excision	0	0.0	66	82.5	17	54.8	18	13.7
Enucleation	538	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	< 0.01	< 0.01

LSRA – limited surgical resection or ablation, EBRT – external beam radiation, BT – brachytherapy, EN – enucleation, GPT – globe preserving therapy