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. 2017 Aug 28;76(12):2105–2112. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211286

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Secretion and signalling of IL-6 in cocultures. (A) IL-6 release during TNFα+IFNγ-treated cocultures. ANOVA shows a significant effect of culture conditions on the secretion of IL-6 (p<0.001). (B) SOCS3 and (C) SOCS1 gene expression analysed by qPCR. Data are expressed as 2^−ΔCT relative to 18S expression. Data are the mean±SEM from three to five independent experiments each incorporating a different donor for all cell types. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared with None (endothelial monoculture) by Dunnett post-test, unless otherwise indicated. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL-6, interleukin 6; JRep, joint replacement; Res, resolving; SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signalling; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; VeRA, very early RA.