Table 3.
Cox proportional hazards model analysis for risk of developing kidney injury
| Variables | Crude HR (95% CI) | P | Adjusteda HR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1.12 (1.00-1.25) | 0.0457* | 1.12 (1.00-1.25) | 0.0524 | |
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Age | |||||
| 20-45 (years) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 45-55 (years) | 1.00 (0.83-1.11) | 0.5747 | 0.97 (0.84-1.12) | 0.663 | |
| > 55 (years) | 1.16 (1.02-1.32) | 0.0228* | 1.18 (1.03-1.35) | 0.0170* | |
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 0.87 (0.75-1.02) | 0.0943 | 0.81 (0.69-0.96) | 0.0137* | |
| Hypertension (HTN) | 0.98 (0.88-1.10) | 0.7407 | 0.93 (0.82-1.05) | 0.2543 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score | |||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1-2 | 1.15 (0.99-1.33) | 0.0755 | 1.14 (0.97-1.33) | 0.1019 | |
| > 2 | 1.20 (1.07-1.35) | 0.0019* | 1.16 (1.03-1.31) | 0.0131* | |
| NSAIDs (number of prescriptions) | |||||
| < 25 | 1.00 | 100.00 | |||
| ≥ 25 | 1.09 (0.98-1.20) | 0.1128 | 1.08 (0.98-1.20) | 0.1315 | |
| Contrast medium | |||||
| Yes | 1.07 (0.96-1.19) | 0.2063 | 1.03 (0.93-1.14) | 0.5791 | |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Gentamicin and Amikacin | |||||
| Yes | 1.36 (1.21-1.51) | < 0.0001* | 1.37 (1.22-1.53) | < 0.0001* | |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Abbreviations: NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; HR: = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.
*P < 0.05.
aAdjusted for DM, HTN, CCI score, NSAIDs, contrast medium, gentamicin, and amikacin.