Table 3.
Post-transcriptional regulation associated with interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs of the expression of genes related to biological behaviors in gastric cancer
| LncRNA names | MiRNA names | Target genes | Potential mechanisms | Biological behaviors involved | Clinicopathological features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Post-transcriptional regulation of interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs affecting the expression of genes related to proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer | |||||
| H19 | miR-675 | RUNX1 | H19 can produce miR-675, which suppresses the mRNA and protein expression of RUNX1. | enhance proliferation, colony formation and migration and inhibit apoptosis |
over-expressed H19 is linked to TNM stage |
| miR-141 | ZEB1 | H19 binds to miR-141 at a specific sequence and attenuates the negative effect of miR-141 on its target gene ZEB1. | promote proliferation and migration | ||
| ANRIL | miR-99a /miR-449a |
mTOR, CDK6 |
ANRIL inhibits miR-99a/miR-449a by recruiting PRC2 to combine with and inducing methylation of the promoters of miR-99a/miR-449a. | contribute to proliferation, reduce cells to arrest in the G0-G1 phase and apoptosis |
up-regulation of ANRIL is strongly linked to higher TNM stage and tumor size |
| SNHG5 | miR-32 | KLF4 | MiR-32 inhibits KLF4, whereas overexpression of SNHG5 activates KLF4 mRNA via its 3ʹ-UTR as a decoy for miR-32. | inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion | reduced expression of SNHG5 is related to TNM stage and tumor embolus |
| lncRNA BC032469 | miR-1207-5p | hTERT | BC032469 inhibits miR-1207-5p by directly interacted with the complementary sequence of miR-1207-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of BC032469 substantially enhances expression of hTERT protein, which is lowered by upregulation of miR-1207-5p. | promote proliferation, colony formation and G1-S transformation | up-regulated lncRNA BC032469 is linked to greater tumor volume, poor tumor differentiation and shorter survival time |
| FER1L4 | miR-106a-5p | PTEN | FER1L4 and PTEN are targeted by miR-106a-5p. Down-regulated FER1L4 liberates miR-106a-5p, thus diminishing mRNA and protein expression of PTEN. | inhibit proliferation, cell cycle G0/G1 to S transition | low-FER1L4 is related to tumor size, TNM stage, histologic grade, invasion depth, lymphatic and distant metastasis, and vessel or nerve invasion |
| 2 Post-transcriptional regulation of interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs in the expression of genes related to the EMT and metastasis in gastric cancer | |||||
| HOTAIR | miR-34a | C-Met, Snail |
HOTAIR silences miR-34a by recruiting the PRC2 complex to the miR-34a promoter and mediating histone modification of the promoter. This enhances the targets of miR-34a (C-Met and Snail). | induce EMT | up-regulated HOTAIR is related to greater tumor volume, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival |
| miR-331-3p | HER2 | HOTAIR interacts competitively with miR-331-3p as a ceRNA to upregulate HER2 expression, which is negatively mediated by miR-331-3p post-transcriptionally. | promote growth, migration and invasion, inhibit apoptosis | ||
| H19 | miR-675 | CALN1 | H19 and miR-675 exert similar functions: down-regulation of the miR-675 target gene CALN1. | promote invasion and metastasis | over-expressed H19 is linked to TNM stage |
| CCAT1 | miR-490 | hnRNPA1 | MiR-490 targets CCAT1, whereas CCAT1 decreases expression of miR-490. MiR-490 decreases translation of its target mRNA hnRNPA1 by combining with its 3ʹ-UTR, and miR-490 inhibitors enhance hnRNPA1, which can be reversed by CCAT1 siRNA. | enhance migration | Overexpression of CCAT1 is highly associated with TNM stage |
| Lnc XIST | miR-101 | EZH2 | XIST is negatively associated with miR-101 in GC, and miR-101 down-regulates its target EZH2. XIST knockdown decreases EZH2, and miR-101 inhibitor increases EZH2. | promote proliferation, apoptosis, migration | highly expressed Lnc XIST is correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage |
| miR-497 | MACC1 | lncRNA XIST promotes expression of the target gene of miR-497—MACC1— by decreasing miR-497 as a ceRNA. | promote proliferation, invasion, accelerate cell cycle G1/S transition | ||
| 3 Post-transcriptional regulation of interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs in the expression of genes related to multidrug resistance and angiogenesis in gastric cancer | |||||
| HOTAIR | miR-126 | VEGFA, PIK3R2 | HOTAIR targets miR-126 and promotes the expression of the miR-126-target genes VEGFA and PIK3R2. | accelerate cisplatin resistance | up-regulated HOTAIR is related to greater tumor volume, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis, advanced pathological stage and shorter overall survival |
| UCA1 | miR-27b | BCL-2 | Knockdown of UCA1 upregulates miR-27b in MDR gastric cancer cells. Down-regulation of UCA1 or overexpression of miR-27b decreases the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, enhances cleaved caspase-3. | inhibit apoptosis, increase the IC50 values of the chemotherapeutic drugs adriamycin (ADR), cisplatin (DDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) | highly expressed UCA1 is related to larger tumor size, poor differentiation, and lymphatic/venous invasion |