Table 3.
Intervention impact on costs incurred in RAPSID*
| Study group | |||
| One to one | Group | Any intervention | |
| Out-of-pocket costs | Mean, 95% CI | ||
| Change in medications | −1.81 (−7.02 to 3.41) | −0.06 (−5.25 to 5.13) | 1.21 (−4.72 to 3.03) |
| Change in glucose monitoring | 1.06 (−3.12 to 5.25) | 2.26 (−1.80 to 6.31) | 2.80 (−1.81 to 7.41) |
| Change in costs for medical visits† | 7.90 (−3.39 to 19.19) | 3.81 (−5.76 to 13.38) | 6.09 (−6.20 to 18.37) |
| Change in travel costs | 3.69 (−28.91 to 36.30) | −26.92 (−67.03 to 13.18) | −24.39 (−63.62 to 14.86) |
| Change in additional out-of-pocket expenses‡ | 17.55 (−31.78 to 66.88) | −2.03 (−53.14 to 49.07) | 2.52 (−48.73 to 53.77) |
| Intervention impact on total out-of-pocket costs (medications and patient visits included)§ | 28.40 (−39.81 to 96.61) | −22.95 (−96.45 to 50.56) | −11.76 (−85.84 to 62.31) |
| Intervention impact on total out-of-pocket costs (No medications or patient visits)¶ | 26.51 (−19.40 to 72.42) | 4.04 (−47.99 to 56.06) | 11.41 (−37.94 to 60.76) |
| NHS incurred costs | |||
| Accident and emergency visits | 9.46 (−109.50 to 128.43) | 43.00 (−77.50 to 163.50) | −18.52 (−161.39 to 124.34) |
| Overnight hospital stay | −283.04 (−726.36 to 160.29) | −151.87 (−625.06 to 321.31) | −124.64 (−639.92 to 390.64) |
| Nurse and General Practitioner costs | 3.89 (−22.31 to 30.11) | 5.91 (−19.83 to 31.64) | 3.50 (−27.54 to 34.55) |
| Other health professionals | 2.68 (−6.93 to 12.29) | 1.53 (−7.74 to 10.78) | 1.29 (−9.43 to 12.01) |
| Intervention impact on NHS incurred costs during trial | −267.00 (−758.02 to 224.01) | −101.44 (−600.75 to 397.86) | −138.38 (−706.68 to 429.92) |
*All costs reported in 2013 £.
ϮIncludes visits to general practitioner, practice nurse, dietician, and podiatrists.
‡Includes travel to appointments, expenses for weight loss group, additional healthcare-related costs for diabetes expenses, and costs for other health services.
§Includes sum of all reported costs.
¶
Excludes medication costs and payments for medical visits traditionally covered by the NHS.
NHS, National Health Service; RAPSID, RAndomized controlled trial of Peer Support in type 2 Diabetes.