MIA PaCa-2 and BXPC-3 cells were treated with 5 µM NL, 5 µM Sorafenib (SRF), 5 µM Gemcitabine (GMC), or 5 µM Curcumin (CUR). (A–C) Caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities in MIA PaCa-2 cells after 24 h of NL, SRF, and GMC treatment. (D) Caspase-3 activity in BXPC-3 cells after 24 h of NL, SRF, and GMC treatment. (E) Caspase-3 activity in MIA PaCa-2 cells after 24 h of NL and CUR treatment. (F) Images of RWPE-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BXPC-3 cells treated with NL for 24 h and 48 h. Data are mean ± SD, n = 3 and presented as fold-change compared to respective controls. Statistical significance was determined by a t-test: *p<0.05.