Table 1.

Effect of different natural products, miRs, and pharmacological agents on MUC4 expression, pancreatic cancer progression, and metastasis

Agent	Effect on MUC4	Pathway	Observed effects on PDAC cells	Reference
Guggulsterone (4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione	Downregulation	JAK/STAT and FAK/Src/MM9 pathway inhibition	Reduced proliferation and invasion	Macha et al. 2013
Thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzo-1,4-quinone)	Downregulation	Synergistic to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin	Enhanced apoptosis, reduced proliferation and metastasis	Torres et al. 2010; Banerjee et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2011
Graviola extract (Annona muricata)	Downregulation	Not known	Antiproliferative and antimetastatic	Torres et al. 2012
miR-150	Direct-targeting MUC4 leading to inhibition	Reduces pEGFR and HER-2 downstream signaling	Antiproliferative and antimetastatic	Yang et al. 2014; Srivastava et al. 2011; Arora et al. 2014
miR-200c	Downregulate MUC4 along with MUC16	Not known	Reduced cell proliferation	Radhakrishnan et al. 2013
miR-219-1-3p	Downregulation	Cyclin D1/ERK/AKT downregulation	Decrease of cyclin D1 expression and decreased Erk and Akt ativation	Lahdaoui et al. 2015
Canertinib	Downregulation	Through EGFR and HER2	Antiproliferative and antimetastatic	Seshacharyulu et al. 2015
Afatinib	Downregulation