Fig 1. Task structure, region of interest, and summary of behavior.

(A) Task: subjects chose between 2 asynchronously presented gambles and won or lost tokens accordingly. When subjects collected 6 or more tokens, they received a large liquid reward and token total reset to 0. (B) Behavior for each subject, fit to a sigmoid function. Subjects chose the left option more often as its value increased, as would be expected, given understanding of the task. (C) Neural responses were recorded from the dorsal banks of the anterior cingulate cortex (refer to Materials and methods). dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; EV, expected value of gamble.