Table 4. Associations of selected loci with leptin levels.
| Gene | Gene expression abundance in hypothalamus* | SNP | Effect size | Leptin (ng/ml) [geometric mean (95% CI)] | Padjusted1 | Padjusted1+BMI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aa | aA | AA | ||||||
| PCSK1 | 32.4 (10.3) | rs261967 | 0.4% | 4.6 (4.2-5.0) | 5.3 (5.0-5.7) | 5.2 (4.7-5.8) | 0.003 | 0.419 |
| MC4R | 3.8 (3.45) | rs2331841 | 0.3% | 4.7 (4.5-5.0) | 5.5 (5.1-5.8) | 5.6 (4.7-6.6) | 0.004 | 0.694 |
| FTO | 543.45 (119.7) | rs1558902 | 0.3% | 4.9 (4.6-5.1) | 5.7 (5.2-6.3) | 6.0 (4.1-8.7) | 0.008 | 0.216 |
| MAP2K5 | 6.0 (5.6) | rs4776970 | 0.3% | 4.8 (4.5-5.1) | 5.4 (5.0-5.8) | 6.0(5.2-7.0) | 0.013 | 0.151 |
| GNPDA2 | 6.6 (6.65) | rs16858082 | 0.2% | 4.7 (4.4-5.1) | 5.2 (4.9-5.6) | 5.4 (4.8-6.2) | 0.019 | 0.838 |
| BDNF | 12.4 (5.9) | rs2030323 | 0.2% | 4.8 (4.3-5.3) | 4.9 (4.6-5.2) | 5.5 (5.0-5.9) | 0.053 | 0.235 |
| GPSleptin | / | six leptin-related loci | 1.6% | Tertile1 (0-3 risk alleles) (n = 1373) | Tertile2 (4 risk alleles) (n = 828) | Tertile3 (5-9 risk alleles) (n = 1130) | 2.8E-6 | 0.218 |
| 4.4 (4.1-4.8) | 5.1 (4.7-5.6) | 5.8 (5.4-6.3) | ||||||
Abbreviation: PCSK1, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; FTO, fat mass and obesity associated; MAP2K5, mitogen-activated protein kinase 5; GNPDA2, glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and GPSleptin, sum gene score of six leptin-related loci.
*Data were expressed as mean (median in all tissues and cells), from http://biogps.org.
Padjusted1 means the analysis of covariance in the general linear model after adjusting for gender, age, Tanner stage and residence.
Padjusted1+BMI: further adjusted for BMI.
Note: Values in bold are significant at P < 0.05.