Figure 2. Effect of CCR1 silencing on experimental tumor invasion and metastasis.
(A) CCR1 expression in various breast cancer cells. Steady-state CCR1 mRNA levels were examined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as an internal control. (B) Silencing of CCR1 by expression of lentiviral CCR1 shRNA (shCCR1). Knockdown of CCR1 expression was verified by RT-PCR. (C) Invasion assay. MDA-MB-231 transfectants expressing shCT or shCCR1 were cultured in three-dimensional spheroids in an extracellular matrix. Protrusion of invasive cells was captured with an Eclipse TS100 microscope equipped with a digital sight camera. (D) Experimental in vivo lung metastasis. Representative BLI imaging of nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 (shCT-Luc and shCCR1-Luc) tumors with metastatic lung lesions. (E) Eight weeks after inoculation, BLI signal intensity was measured in MDA-MB-231 transfectants with Spectrum IVIS.