Spikes were induced by depolarization pulses under current-clamp recording on the GABAergic neurons in cortical slice. (A) shows depolarization-induced spikes on the neurons from control (blue trace) and CR-formation (red). (B) shows inter-spike intervals for spikes 1~2 to 4~5 from controls (blue symbols, n=20 neurons from seven mice) and CR-formation (reds, n=20 neurons from seven mice). (C) shows spikes per second vs. normalized stimuli from controls (blue symbols, n=20) and CR-formation (reds, n=20 neurons from seven mice). (D) shows the measurements of spike refractory periods on the neurons from control (blue trace) and CR-formation (red). (E) shows refractory periods versus spikes 1 to 4 from controls (blue symbols, n=20 neurons from seven mice) and CR-formation (reds, n=20 neurons from seven mice). (F) shows threshold potentials versus spike 1~5 from control (blue symbols, n=20) and CR-formation (reds, n=20).