Table 2. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of esophageal cancer in SEER database.

Characteristics	Overall Survival HR (95% CI)	P value	Cancer-Specific Survival HR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Male	1.16 (1.14-1.18)	<0.001	1.13 (1.11-1.16)	<0.001
Female	Reference		Reference
Age
≥80	1.57 (1.52-1.61)	<0.001	1.45 (1.41-1.50)	<0.001
60-80	1.17 (1.15-1.19)	<0.001	1.09 (1.06-1.11)	<0.001
≤60	Reference		Reference
Race
Black	1.07 (1.05-1.10)	<0.001	1.05 (1.02-1.08)	0.001
White	Reference		Reference
Marital Status
Single	1.14 (1.114-1.17)	<0.001	1.11 (1.08-1.14)	<0.001
Divorced/Separated	1.16 (1.129-1.19)	<0.001	1.16 (1.13-1.20)	<0.001
Widowed	1.22 (1.194-1.26)	<0.001	1.21 (1.18-1.24)	<0.001
Married	Reference		Reference
Histology
SCC	1.20 (1.172-1.22)	<0.001	1.22 (1.19-1.25)	<0.001
ACE	Reference		Reference
Tumor Location
Overlapping	1.19 (1.139-1.25)	<0.001	1.28 (1.21-1.34)	<0.001
Lower third	1.02 (0.985-1.05)	0.310	1.04 (1.01-1.08)	0.026
Middle third	1.11 (1.072-1.14)	<0.001	1.16 (1.12-1.20)	<0.001
Upper third	Reference		Reference
SEER Stage
Distant	4.93 (4.48-5.42)	<0.001	9.81 (8.40-11.47)	<0.001
Regional	3.21 (2.92-3.53)	<0.001	6.15 (5.26-7.19)	<0.001
Localized	2.26 (2.06-2.49)	<0.001	3.94 (3.37-4.60)	<0.001
In situ	Reference		Reference
Therapy
Surgery	1.10 (1.06-1.14)	<0.001	1.02 (0.98-1.06)	0.289
Radiation	1.68 (1.63-1.73)	<0.001	1.71 (1.66-1.76)	<0.001
Surgery and radiation	Reference		Reference
Income
Top quintile	0.90 (0.87-0.92)	<0.001	0.92 (0.90-0.95)	<0.001
2nd quintile	0.93 (0.91-0.95)	<0.001	0.94 (0.91-0.96)	<0.001
3rd quintile	0.93 (0.91-0.95)	<0.001	0.93 (0.91-0.96)	<0.001
4th quintile	0.93 (0.91-0.96)	<0.001	0.94 (0.91-0.97)	<0.001
Bottom quintile	Reference		Reference

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.