Table 1. Summary of reported direct AMPK activators.

Compounds	Chemical structure	Binding subunit	Cell line	Effect time	Effect concentration	Reference
Salicylate		β	A549	48 h	103.64 ± 4.59 μM	[74]
A-769662		β	A549	48 h	10 μM	[13]
Compound 991		α β	AML	48 h	100 μM	[65] [63]
MT 63–78		β	PC3	48 h	25-50 μM	[75]
PT-1		α γ	HelaHEK293	6 h1 h	20-40 μM100 μM	[66][67]
OSU-53		α	MDA-MB-231/MDA-MB-468	72 h24-72 h	5 μM5-10 μM	[71][69]
Compound-13		α	Mouse hepatocytesGastric epithelial cells	3 h24 h	10-100 μM10 μM	[72][73]
CNX-012-570	Not shown	β	HepG2/C2C12, 3T3L1	2-4 h	0.3 μM	[76]