Table 1.
Survival of pathogens on dry inanimate surfaces (shortened from Kramer et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2006)
| Type of pathogen | Duration of persistence |
|---|---|
| Bacteria: | |
| Campylobacter jejuni | up to 6 days |
| Clostridium difficile (spores) | 5 months |
| Escherichia coli | 1.5 h – 16 months |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 12 days |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 1 day – 4 months |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 1–3 days |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 6 h – 16 months (dry floor up to 5 w) |
| Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA | 7 days – 7 months |
| Fungi: | |
| Candida albicans | 1–120 days |
| Viruses: | |
| SARS associated virus | 72–96 h |
| HAV | 2 h – 60 days |
| HBV | > 1 week |
| HIV | > 7 days |
| Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2 | 4.5 h – 8 weeks |
| Papillomavirus | 16 > 7 days |
| Rotavirus | 6–60 days |