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. 2017 Nov 29;7:16564. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16709-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects on cell viability and cytotoxicity. (A) Effects on cell viability of the higher concentration of papaya pectin t24 h. 3PP strongly reduced cell viability and 3PP and 4PP showed the most distinct results. Data were shown as mean ± SD. Tukey’s test (*P < 0.05) was performed. Different letters represent significant differences between the treatments (as previously explained in Fig. 1). (B) Cytotoxicity by LDH assay after 24 h of incubation. 3PP and not 4PP induced cell cytotoxicity. The results were expressed in percentage of cell viability in comparison with control (no treatment) of each time. Results were represented as mean ± SD (as previously explained in Figure 1). *P < 0.05 vs control, according to Dunnett’s test. PP: papaya pectin (water-soluble fraction).