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. 2017 Nov 29;7:16556. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16448-5

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Levels of surface ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion by HMEC-1 cells after co-culture with EVs from ID2-treated placentae. Macro-, micro- and nano- vesicles were collected from first trimester human placentae that have been cultured with ID2 antibodies or isotype-matched control IgG (50 µg/mL, n = 5 placentae). Each fraction of EVs was added to confluent HMEC-1 cell monolayers for 24 hours and endothelial cell activation was quantitated by cell-based ELISA of ICAM-1 expression (A) or using the monocyte adhesion assay (B). Statistical differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney tests (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, mean ± SEM).