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. 2017 Nov 29;7:16570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16707-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Topical Aldara application results in entry of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod into the plasma and brain of mice as early as four hours after treatment. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed on plasma and perfused brains of mice treated daily with Aldara or control cream. Imiquimod levels were assessed (A) 24 hours after 3 daily treatments (N = 8 mice per group) and (B) 4 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr after a single treatment (N = 4 mice per group). (C) Linear regression analysis on matched plasma and brain samples was performed. Box represents 25–75^th percentile and whiskers represent min and max values. Significance was determined using (A) Student’s t-test (B) One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Student’s t-test with Bonferonni’s multiple testing correction. (C) Linear regression analysis. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.