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. 2017 Oct 31;9(11):322. doi: 10.3390/v9110322

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Restriction of HIV by APOBEC3G and counteraction by Vif. (A,B) Schematic representation of the main domains of (A) the APOBEC3G and (B) Vif proteins. Amino acid positions of the beginning and end of the domains as well as the total length of the proteins are indicated; (C) the mechanism of APOBEC3G restriction and Vif counteraction. APOBEC3G (red) is incorporated into virions and induces hypermutations of the provirus leading either to its degradation or production of truncated viral proteins. Vif (blue) decreases A3G transcription ①, inhibits its translation ② (Red T bar) and induces its degradation by the proteasome ③.