Table 1.

Overview of herpesviruses reported in literature to frequently cause ocular disease.

Virus	Abbreviations	Subfamily	Associated Ocular Diseases	Overall Prevalence	Herpesvirus-Associated Ocular Disease Prevalence	References
Human alphaherpesvirus 1	HHV-1/HSV-1	Simplexvirus	Corneal lesions, stromal & epithelial keratitis, conjunctivitis	67–90%	12–36/100,000	[3,10,11,12,13,14]
Canid alphaherpesvirus 1	CHV-1	Varicellovirus	Corneal lesions, stromal & epithelial keratitis, conjunctivitis	21–98%	Unknown	[2,15,16,17,18,19,20]
Felid alphaherpesvirus 1	FHV-1	Varicellovirus	Corneal lesions, stromal & epithelial keratitis, conjunctivitis	40–97%	Unknown	[21,22,23,24,25]
Human alphaherpesvirus 3	HHV-3/VZV	Varicellovirus	Herpes zoster ophthalmicus	＞ 95%	19–31/100,000	[26,27,28]
Equid alphaherpesvirus 1	EHV-1	Varicellovirus	Chorioretinitis	52%-“endemic”	50–90% of choroidal lesions in experimental infection	[29,30,31,32]
Equid gammaherpesvirus 2	EHV-2	Percavirus	Keratoconjunctivitis	51–93%	8–60% of keratoconjunctivitis cases tested	[33,34,35,36,37,38]
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1	BoHV-1	Varicellovirus	Keratoconjunctivitis	20–97%	4.95/100	[39,40,41]
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4	BoHV-4	Rhadinovirus	Keratoconjunctivitis & ocular discharge	21–35%	Unknown	[42,43,44,45]
Alcelpahine gammaherpesvirus 1 & Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2	AlHV-1 OvHV-2	Macavirus	Ocular discharge	29–77%	Typical symptom of malignant catarrhal fever	[46,47,48,49]
Cervid alphaherpesvirus 1 & 2	CvHV-1 CvHV-2	Varicellovirus	Keratoconjunctivitis & keratitis	18–47%	~5% in free-ranging, 30% in animals	[50,51,52,53,54,55]
Otariid herpesviruses & Phocid herpesviruses (Various species)	OtHV PhHV	Gammaherpes-viruses	Corneal lesions, keratoconjunctivitis	26–76%	Unknown	[56]