Figure 10.

Multifaceted biomedical applications of functional graphene nanomaterials to hybrid scaffolds. (a) Guided differentiation of NSCs towards oligodendrocytes on GO-coated PCL nanofiber hybrid scaffolds. (i) Schematic illustration depicting the fabrication and application of GO-PCL nanofiber hybrid scaffolds. (ii) SEM images of NSCs on PCL and GO-PCL nanofiber scaffolds. Scale bars are 2 μm for upper row and 10 μm for lower row. (iii) Fluorescence images of NSCs on GO-PCL nanofiber scaffolds after 6 days of culture. Cells were stained for the early oligodendrocyte marker Olig2 and the mature oligodendrocyte marker myelin basic protein (MBP). (iv,v) Quantitative analysis of the expression of oligodendrocyte markers. Adapted with permission from Shah et al. [88]. Copyright (2014) John Wiley and Sons. (b) Promoted differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells into both neurons and glial cells on GO-based 3D porous scaffolds. (i) Digital photographs and (ii–vii) flexibility of GO-based 3D porous scaffolds. (viii) Neuronal differentiation and (ix) synapse formation of embryonic neural progenitor cells on GO-based 3D porous scaffolds. Reproduced with permission from [90]. Copyright The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014.