Table 1.

Some known biological effects of nanotubes encapsulated with the coating used in this study.

Nanotubes	Surfactant	Biological System	Dose	Exposure Time	Assay Method	Conclusion	Reference
HiPco SWCNTs	PLPEG	Human serum and intravenous injection in rats	60 μg/mL	0.5 h	ELISA	Activation of the complement system by SWCNTs in undiluted normal human serum and in vivo rats.	[18]
HiPco SWCNTs	PLPEG	Intravenous/brain injection in rats	60 μg/mL	0.5 h to days	Fluorescence	In vivo SWCNT circulation (vascular system, brain). Stable imaging in vivo and in tissues.	[11,17]
HiPco SWCNTs	Pluronic F108	J774.1A mouse peritoneal macrophage	11 ng/mL	0, 8, 18 and 24 h	Fluorescence	Macrophages can ingest significant quantities of SWCNTs without showing toxic effects. Stable imaging in cells.	[19]
HiPco SWCNTs	Pluoronic F127	HeLa cells	200 μg/mL	2 days	Fluorescence imaging	Induction of actin bundling in cells, reduced cellular proliferation.	[20]
Arc Discharge SWCNTs	Tween20	Pathgen free guinea pigs	50 mg/mL	4 weeks	Lung function, bronchoalveolart lavega	No abnormalities of pulmonary function or measurable inflammation in guinea pigs.	[21]
MWCNTs	Sterile saline + Brij 35	Incubation with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4)	0.067 mg/mL	5 min at 37 °C	Capillary electrochromatography, enzyme activity monitoring	No effect on CYP3A4 activity. Substantial improvement of migration time and peak shape repeatability in capillary electrochromatography.	[22]
HiPco SWCNTs	ISPVP	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK cells)	1/30 μg/mL	5 min at RT or 12 h at 37 °C	Fluorescence	Stable imaging in cells.	[23]

HiPco: High-Pressure carbon monoxide; SWCNTs: Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes; MWCNTs: Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes; PLPEG: Phospholipid-polyethylene Glycol; ISPVP: In Situ Polymerized (poly)vinyl pyrrolidone.