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. 2017 Nov 1;11(11):11531–11541. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06387

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Grazing-emission XPS spectra of the O1s core level and the valence band during water adsorption at different substrate temperatures. (a) RT: The shoulder at high binding energies is due to hydroxylation; saturation is reached at ∼0.3 L. (b) RT: Valence band spectra of the clean In2O3(111) surface and after exposure to 12.5 L H2O. (c) 100 K: The feature at 533.2 eV is due to molecular water. In both sets of core level spectra, a small downward band bending by ∼0.12 eV is apparent upon hydroxylation of the surface.