Table 1.
Demographic, health, and psychosocial characteristics of the study population: 108 pregnant Latina adolescents from New York City.
| Variable | N | % | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 18.0 | 1.2 | 14.0 | 20.0 | ||
| In relationship with father | ||||||
| Yes | 89 | 82% | ||||
| No | 17 | 16% | ||||
| missing | 2 | 2% | ||||
| Borough residence | ||||||
| Manhattan | 77 | 71% | ||||
| Bronx/Queens | 31 | 29% | ||||
| Overall family income | ||||||
| 0–$15,000 | 40 | 37% | ||||
| $16,000–$25,000 | 39 | 36% | ||||
| $26,000–$50,000 | 17 | 16% | ||||
| $51,000–$100,000 | 2 | 2% | ||||
| missing | 10 | 9% | ||||
| Employed | ||||||
| Yes | 21 | 20% | ||||
| No | 86 | 80% | ||||
| missing | 1 | 1% | ||||
| Level in school | ||||||
| 8th grade | 2 | 2% | ||||
| 9th grade | 9 | 8% | ||||
| 10th grade | 12 | 11% | ||||
| 11th grade | 23 | 22% | ||||
| 12th grade | 60 | 57% | ||||
| missing | 2 | 2% | ||||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 25.7 | 6.4 | 16.6 | 47.6 | ||
| missing | 1 | 1% | ||||
| Health Problems | ||||||
| None | 72 | 69% | ||||
| Asthma | 13 | 13% | ||||
| Other a | 19 | 18% | ||||
| missing | 4 | 4% | ||||
| Medication use | ||||||
| Prenatal vitamins | 88 | 81% | ||||
| Antibiotic | 16 | 15% | ||||
| Pain relief | 16 | 15% | ||||
| Asthma and allergy | 8 | 7% | ||||
| Other b | 15 | 14% | ||||
| Pregnancy History | ||||||
| Previous Pregnancy | 36 | 34% | ||||
| Previous Abortion | 20 | 19% | ||||
| Previous Miscarriage | 16 | 15% | ||||
| Perceived Stress c | 27.8 | 6.1 | 12.0 | 43.0 | ||
| missing | 1 | 1% | ||||
| Prenatal Distress d | 6.1 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 13.0 | ||
| missing | 2 | 2% | ||||
| Depressive Symptoms e | 63.6 | 14.5 | 34.0 | 110.0 | ||
| missing | 3 | 3% | ||||
| Social Support f | 5.5 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 6.0 | ||
| missing | 2 | 2% |
a four anemia, three migraine, one lupus, one hypothyroidism, one Type 2 Herpes. b one synthroid, one antifungal, three antiviral, three antinausea, one additional iron supplement, five laxatives, one histamine receptor 2-antagonist. c Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale, a 14-item self-report questionnaire that produces a maximum score of 56. Higher scores represent a more stressful experience. d Prenatal distress was measured by the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, a 12-item self-reported questionnaire with a maximum score of 48. Higher scores represent greater distress. e Depressive symptoms were measure by the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, a 30-item questionnaire that results in a maximum score of 120. Higher scores represent greater depression symptomology. f Social support was measured by the Social Support Questionnaire, a 27-item questionnaire on which responses to all items are averaged to result in a satisfaction score with a maximum score of 6. Higher scores represent a more positive perception of social support. BMI: body mass index.