Table 1.
Demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics of Australian adults in the Australian Health Survey (n = 4895).
| Characteristic | All Subjects | Supplement Non-Users | Supplement Users | p-Value 1,2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex n, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 2340 (47.8) | 1547 (66.1) | 795 (34.0) | |
| Female | 2555 (52.2) | 1365 (53.3) | 1195 (46.7) | |
| Age, years, n, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 19–30 | 792 (16.2) | 576 (72.7) | 216 (27.3) | |
| 31–50 | 1815 (37.1) | 1132 (62.4) | 683 (37.6) | |
| 51–70 | 1648 (33.7) | 898 (54.5) | 750 (45.5) | |
| 71–85 | 640 (13.1) | 303 (47.3) | 337 (52.7) | |
| Education n, (%) | 0.006 | |||
| Secondary school or less | 1813 (37.0) | 1146 (63.2) | 667 (36.8) | |
| Certificate or diploma | 1714 (35.0) | 1022 (59.6) | 692 (40.4) | |
| Bachelor degree | 911 (18.6) | 520 (57.1) | 391 (42.9) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 457 (9.3) | 221 (48.4) | 236 (51.6) | |
| Area level disadvantage n, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Most disadvantaged (Lowest 20%) | 885 (18.1) | 569 (64.3) | 316 (35.7) | |
| Second quintile | 999 (20.4) | 629 (63.0) | 370 (37.0) | |
| Third quintile | 941 (19.2) | 539 (57.3) | 402 (42.7) | |
| Fourth quintile | 889 (18.2) | 505 (56.8) | 384 (43.2) | |
| Least disadvantaged (Highest 20%) | 1181 (24.1) | 667 (56.5) | 514 (43.5) | |
| Physical activity n, (%) | 0.005 | |||
| Met recommended guidelines 3 | 2169 (44.3) | 1237 (57.0) | 932 (43.0) | |
| Did not meet recommended guidelines | 2726 (55.7) | 1672 (61.3) | 1054 (38.7) | |
| Sedentary behavior, min 4 | 3.31 ± 0.29 | 3.31 ± 0.29 | 3.30 ± 0.29 | 0.889 |
| Smoking n, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Current smoker | 844 (17.2) | 614 (72.8) | 230 (27.2) | |
| Ex-smoker | 1663 (34.0) | 914 (55.0) | 749 (45.0) | |
| Never smoked | 2388 (48.8) | 1381 (57.8) | 1007 (42.2) | |
| Alcohol n, (%) | 0.691 | |||
| No alcohol consumed | 2570 (52.5) | 1542 (60.0) | 1028 (40.0) | |
| One standard drink or less 5 | 2234 (45.6) | 1303 (58.3) | 931 (41.7) | |
| More than one standard drink | 91 (1.9) | 64 (70.3) | 27 (29.7) | |
| Fruit and vegetables n, (%) | 0.007 | |||
| Met guidelines 6 | 281 (5.7) | 132 (47.0) | 149 (53.0) | |
| Did not meet guidelines | 4614 (94.3) | 2777 (60.2) | 1837 (39.8) | |
| DGI 7 n, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low DGI score | 2448 (50.0) | 1591 (65.0) | 857 (35.0) | |
| High DGI score | 2447 (50.0) | 1318 (53.9) | 1129 (46.1) | |
| Self-reported health n, (%) | 0.170 | |||
| Poor/Fair | 780 (15.9) | 467 (59.9) | 313 (40.1) | |
| Good | 1549 (31.6) | 920 (59.4) | 629 (40.6) | |
| Very good | 1770 (36.2) | 1038 (58.6) | 732 (41.4) | |
| Excellent | 796 (16.3) | 484 (60.8) | 312 (39.2) | |
| Blood pressure n, (%) | 0.435 | |||
| Non-hypertensive | 3757 (76.8) | 2232 (59.4) | 1525 (40.6) | |
| Hypertensive | 1138 (23.3) | 677 (59.5) | 461 (40.5) | |
| Chronic disease n, (%) | 0.377 | |||
| Absent | 4506 (92.1) | 2688 (59.7) | 1818 (40.4) | |
| Present | 389 (8.0) | 221 (56.8) | 168 (43.2) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 0.472 | |||
| No risk | 1611 (32.9) | 976 (60.6) | 635 (39.4) | |
| Increased risk | 1156 (23.6) | 691 (59.8) | 465 (40.2) | |
| Substantially increased risk | 2128 (43.5) | 1242 (58.4) | 886 (41.6) | |
| BMI 8, kg/m2 | 0.186 | |||
| Underweight | 65 (1.3) | 42 (64.6) | 23 (35.4) | |
| Normal | 1642 (33.5) | 958 (58.3) | 684 (41.7) | |
| Overweight | 1820 (37.2) | 1069 (58.7) | 751 (41.3) | |
| Obese | 1368 (28.0) | 840 (61.4) | 528 (38.6) |
1 p-Values comparing supplement users to non-supplement users, determined using chi square for categorical variables; 2 p-Values comparing supplement users to non-supplement users, determined using t-tests for continuous variables; 3 One hundred and fifty min and five sessions a week; 4 Values represent mean and standard error (SE); 5 A standard drink is defined as 10 grams of alcohol; 6 Five serves of vegetables and two serves of fruit per day; 7 Dietary guideline index; 8 Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) is calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m2).