Figure 3.

ID delivery of Poly(I:C) triggers skin and lymph node innate immunity and allows for priming of a DTH response without overt skin reactogenicity. Non-specific skin inflammation was assessed by ear swelling at various time points after the first ID injection of gp140 alone or together with either Poly(I:C), CpG or Ampligen (a). The vaccine specific DTH response was determined by ear swelling at various days after the second ID injection performed on day 14. Results are expressed as mean+s.e.m. of ear swelling (μm) in 6 mice per group and are representative of one out of two experiments (b). Statistical analyses were performed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons. Asterisks indicate significance compared with the PBS control group. Quantitative PCR analysis of cytokine transcripts were carried out at 4 and 36 h after ID injection of poly(I:C), Ampligen or PBS as control. Results from four individual mice expressed as mean±s.e.m. of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) ratios to housekeeping gene and normalised to PBS 4 h are shown (c). Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskall–Wallis test with Dunn’s Multiple comparison.