Table 1.
Characteristics of Gulf Coast Health Alliance: health Risks related to the Macondo Spill (GC-HARMS) sampled adults 18 years and older by interview site-mean (standard deviation; SD) or %.
| Total | Galveston | CEEJ | MVC | UHN | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 324 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 87 | |
| Age | 45.7 (15.5) | 45.8 (17.3) | 42.7 (15.5) | 49.4 (12.5) | 45.2 (15.9) | |
| Female | 56.2 | 55 | 60.8 | 51.3 | 57.5 | |
| Ethnicity | ** | |||||
| Asian | 25.23 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 100 | 0 | |
| Black | 38.5 | 46.3 | 83.5 | 0 | 25.3 | |
| Hispanic | 3.1 | 10 | 1.27 | 0 | 1.15 | |
| Native American | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44.8 | |
| Other | 0.6 | 0 | 1.27 | 0 | 1.15 | |
| White | 20.6 | 42.5 | 11.4 | 0 | 27.6 | |
| BMI | 30.3 (7.3) | 29.7 (6.8) | 32.6 (8.0) | 25.7 (3.5) | 32.9 (7.5) | ** |
| Overweight | 30.8 | 30 | 20.3 | 46.8 | 26.4 | ** |
| Obese | 43.7 | 41.3 | 59.5 | 11.4 | 60.9 | *** |
| Smoke | 28.1 | 18.9 | 26.1 | 20.8 | 44.1 | ** |
| Exercise | 53.6 | 57.5 | 56.9 | 54.7 | 46.5 | |
| Health Pre-spill (good/excellent) | 69.8 | 74.3 | 58.4 | 75 | 71.3 | |
| Health Post-spill (good/excellent) | 38.7 | 74.2 | 38.6 | 5.3 | 43.2 | *** |
| Health Conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 38.5 | 26.3 | 42.2 | 34.3 | 48.8 | ** |
| Diabetes | 23 | 12.3 | 22.1 | 24.3 | 32.1 | ** |
| Cancer | 7.5 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 10.3 | |
| Heart Trouble | 10.7 | 8 | 16 | 6.7 | 11.8 | |
| Stroke | 2.9 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.2 | |
| Anxiety | 13.9 | 12.5 | 10.1 | 12.7 | 19.5 | |
| Depressive Symptoms | 13.9 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 16.1 | |
| PTSD | 8.9 | 0 | 6.3 | 19 | 10.3 | *** |
| Coping-Low | 8.7 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 15.4 | 6.9 | |
| Coping-High | 63.2 | 75.6 | 82.1 | 28.2 | 66.7 | *** |
| Social Support (always/usually) | ||||||
| Someone to Talk to | 62.8 | 68.4 | 58.4 | 57.7 | 66.3 | |
| Similar Situation | 54.3 | 45.5 | 42.1 | 71.8 | 57.1 | *** |
| Received Help | 19.5 | 25 | 13.16 | 21.8 | 18.1 | *** |
| Turn to Family | 49.4 | 64.9 | 45.3 | 25.6 | 61.5 | *** |
| Stress Exposure | ||||||
| Unemployed | 33.2 | 5.7 | 32.9 | 71 | 25.6 | *** |
| Lost Income | 48.8 | 7.1 | 46 | 83.6 | 56 | *** |
| Change Living Situation | 31.2 | 5.6 | 29.9 | 61.6 | 27.9 | *** |
| Directly Exposed to Spill | 23.2 | 0 | 15.5 | 52 | 25.6 | *** |
| Healthcare Access | ||||||
| Any Kind of Coverage | 43.3 | 57.9 | 43.2 | 12.8 | 58.1 | *** |
| Mental Health Coverage | 33.6 | 43.9 | 34.9 | 8.3 | 53.5 | *** |
| Healthcare Professionals | 52.7 | 59.7 | 52.1 | 26.4 | 70.9 | *** |
| Know of Clinic | 91.5 | 88.6 | 82.4 | 96.1 | 97.6 | ** |
| Seafood Consumption (any) | ||||||
| Before Spill | 91.5 | 88.6 | 82.4 | 96.1 | 97.6 | *** |
| During Spill | 73.2 | 65.1 | 55.9 | 94.9 | 73.2 | *** |
| After Spill | 91.2 | 87.1 | 85.1 | 97.4 | 94.1 | * |
| Seafood Quality (good/excellent) | ||||||
| Before Spill | 95.9 | 92.1 | 94.8 | 100 | 96.5 | |
| During Spill | 31.8 | 64 | 26.3 | 9 | 29.1 | *** |
| After Spill | 50 | 77 | 52.6 | 9 | 61.9 | *** |
* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001 Note: means compared with ANOVA and Tukey test, differences in contingency tables assessed with Fisher’s exact test. Center for Environmental and Economic Justice (CEEJ); Mississippi Vietnamese Fishing Community (MVC); United Houma Nation (UHN); Body Mass Index (BMI); Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).