Table 1.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders by characteristics of men and women in the study n (%) *.
| Characteristic | Men (n = 28,640) | Women (n = 21,392) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non MSD (n = 17,070) | MSD (n = 11,570) | Non MSD (n = 10,831) | MSD (n = 10,561) | |||
| Age | ||||||
| 15–39 years | 9303 (32.5) | 6437 (69.2) | 2866 (30.8) | 7582 (35.4) | 4796 (63.3) | 2786 (36.7) |
| 39–49 years | 8020 (28.0) | 5036 (62.8) | 2984 (37.2) | 6321 (29.5) | 3447 (54.5) | 2874 (45.5) |
| 50 years and older | 11,317 (39.5) | 5597 (49.5) | 5720 (50.5) | 7489 (35.0) | 2588 (34.6) | 4901 (65.4) |
| Education level | ||||||
| Less than secondary education | 4879 (17.0) | 1848 (37.9) | 3031 (62.1) | 4778 (22.3) | 1267 (26.5) | 3511 (73.5) |
| High school | 11,390 (39.8) | 6447 (56.6) | 4943 (43.4) | 8850 (41.4) | 4547 (51.4) | 4303 (48.6) |
| College or above | 12,371 (43.2) | 8775 (70.9) | 3596 (29.1) | 7764 (36.3) | 5017 (64.6) | 2747 (35.4) |
| Family type | ||||||
| Non-single | 25,626 (89.5) | 15,317(59.8) | 10,309(40.2) | 17,865 (83.5) | 9298 (52.0) | 8567 (48.0) |
| Single | 3014 (10.5) | 1753 (58.2) | 1261 (41.8) | 3527 (16.5) | 1533 (43.5) | 1994 (56.5) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Unmarried | 6239 (21.8) | 3965 (63.6) | 2274 (36.4) | 7503 (35.1) | 3700 (49.3) | 3803 (50.7) |
| Married | 22,401 (78.2) | 13,105 (58.5) | 9296 (41.5) | 13,889 (64.9) | 7131 (51.3) | 6758 (48.7) |
| Having a child six years of age or younger | ||||||
| No | 24,552 (85.7) | 14,290 (58.2) | 10,262(41.8) | 19,517 (91.3) | 9711 (49.8) | 9806 (50.2) |
| Yes | 4088 (14.3) | 2780 (68.0) | 1308 (32.0) | 1875 (8.7) | 1120 (59.7) | 755 (40.3) |
| Employment type | ||||||
| Self-employed | 10,850 (37.9) | 5513 (50.8) | 5337 (49.2) | 6655 (31.1) | 2839 (42.7) | 3816 (57.3) |
| Employee | 17,346 (60.6) | 11,315(65.2) | 6031 (34.8) | 12,365 (57.8) | 6958 (56.3) | 5407 (43.7) |
| Employs others | 444 (1.5) | 242 (54.5) | 202 (45.5) | 2372 (11.1) | 1034 (43.6) | 1338 (56.4) |
| Occupational category | ||||||
| Managerial and professional | 1809 (6.3) | 1341 (74.1) | 468 (25.9) | 1287 (6.0) | 842 (65.4) | 445 (34.6) |
| White collar | 5209 (18.2) | 3921 (75.3) | 1288 (24.7) | 3139 (14.7) | 2177 (69.4) | 962 (30.6) |
| Sales and services | 8984 (31.4) | 5628 (62.6) | 3356 (37.4) | 11,815 (55.2) | 6156 (52.1) | 5659 (47.9) |
| Skilled and unskilled blue collar | 12,638 (44.1) | 6180 (48.9) | 6458 (51.5) | 5151 (24.1) | 1656 (32.1) | 3495 (67.9) |
| Shift type | ||||||
| Non-shift | 26,448 (92.3) | 15,728(59.5) | 10,720 (40.5) | 20,502 (95.8) | 10,362 (50.5) | 10,140 (49.5) |
| Shift | 2192 (7.7) | 1342 (61.2) | 850 (38.8) | 890 (4.2) | 469 (52.7) | 421 (47.3) |
| Salary (USD ** per month) | ||||||
| <2000 | 10,627 (37.1) | 5413 (50.9) | 5214 (49.1) | 15,028 (70.3) | 7160 (47.6) | 7868 (52.4) |
| 2000–2999 | 9077 (31.7) | 5660 (62.4) | 3417 (37.6) | 3854 (18.0) | 2209 (57.3) | 1645 (42.7) |
| >2999 | 8497 (29.7) | 5692 (67.0) | 2805 (33.0) | 2125 (9.9) | 1253 (59.0) | 872 (41.0) |
| No answer | 439 (1.5) | 305 (69.5) | 134 (30.5) | 385 (1.8) | 209 (54.3) | 176 (45.7) |
| Work hours (per week) | ||||||
| <41 | 8773 (30.6) | 5652 (64.4) | 3121 (35.6) | 7939 (37.1) | 4185 (52.7) | 3754 (47.3) |
| 41–56 | 10,026 (35.0) | 6064 (60.5) | 3962 (39.5) | 6472 (30.3) | 3495 (54.0) | 2977 (46.0) |
| >56 | 9841(34.4) | 5354 (54.4) | 4487 (45.6) | 6981 (32.6) | 3151 (45.1) | 3830 (54.9) |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 4879 (17.0) | 2765 (56.7) | 2114 (43.3) | 8613 (40.3) | 4040 (46.9) | 4573 (53.1) |
| Drinker | 23,761 (83.0) | 14,305(60.2) | 9456 (39.8) | 12,779 (59.7) | 6791 (53.1) | 5988 (46.9) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 8282 (28.9) | 4970 (60.0) | 3312 (40.0) | 19,436 (91.0) | 9916 (50.9) | 9547 (49.1) |
| Past smoker | 5544 (19.4) | 3188 (57.5) | 2356 (42.5) | 695 (3.2) | 346 (49.8) | 349 (50.2) |
| Current smoker | 14,814 (51.7) | 8912 (60.2) | 5902 (39.8) | 1234 (5.8) | 569 (46.1) | 665 (53.9) |
| Job stress | ||||||
| No | 21,178 (73.9) | 12,739(60.2) | 8439 (39.8) | 16,015 (74.9) | 8196 (51.2) | 7819 (48.8) |
| Yes | 7462 (26.1) | 4331 (58.0) | 3131 (42.0) | 5377 (25.1) | 2635 (49.0) | 2742 (51.0) |
| Physical demand | ||||||
| Low | 11,584 (40.5) | 8421 (72.7) | 3163 (27.3) | 7987 (37.3) | 5279 (66.1) | 2708 (33.9) |
| Medium | 8031 (28.0) | 4563 (56.8) | 3468 (43.2) | 6331 (29.6) | 3039 (48.0) | 3292 (52.0) |
| High | 9025 (31.5) | 4086 (45.3) | 4939 (54.7) | 7074 (33.1) | 2513 (35.5) | 4561 (64.5) |
| Work–life conflict | ||||||
| No | 20,029 (69.9) | 12,693 (63.4) | 7336 (36.6) | 15,068 (70.4) | 8207 (54.5) | 6861 (45.5) |
| Yes | 8611 (30.1) | 4377 (50.8) | 4234 (49.2) | 6324 (29.6) | 2624 (41.5) | 3700 (58.5) |
| Frequent overtime work | ||||||
| No | 24,008 (83.8) | 14,556 (60.6) | 9452 (39.4) | 18,611 (87.0) | 9429 (50.7) | 9182 (49.3) |
| Yes | 4632 (16.2) | 2514 (54.3) | 2118 (45.7) | 2781 (13.0) | 1402 (50.4) | 1379 (49.6) |
* Percentages in the shaded areas are column percentages for each variable. Other percentages are row percentages by gender. ** In the survey year, the exchange rate was 1000 KRW = 0.87 USD.