Table 4.

Emergy synthesis for the regional ecosystem of Wuhan from 2006 to 2012.

Note	Item	Unit	UEV (seJ/Unit)	Source *	Emergy (seJ/year)
					2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Local Renewable resources (R)
1	Sunlight	J/year	1	[50]	4.84 × 1019	4.84 × 1019	4.84 × 1019	4.84 × 1019	4.84 × 1019	4.84 × 1019	4.84 × 1019
2	Wind	J/year	1.91 × 103	[50]	3.23 × 1022	3.23 × 1022	3.23 × 1022	3.23 × 1022	3.23 × 1022	3.23 × 1022	3.23 × 1022
3	Rain (geopotential)	J/year	1.32 × 104	[50]	2.71 × 1023	3.16 × 1023	3.28 × 1023	3.00 × 1023	3.46 × 1023	2.55 × 1023	3.66 × 1023
4	Rain (chemical)	J/year	2.32 × 104	[50]	1.03 × 1022	1.20 × 1022	1.24 × 1022	1.14 × 1022	1.31 × 1022	9.69 × 1021	1.39 × 1022
5	Geothermal heat	J/year	5.38 × 104	[50]	5.44 × 1020	5.44 × 1020	5.44 × 1020	5.44 × 1020	5.44 × 1020	5.44 × 1020	5.44 × 1020
Local Non-renewable resources (N)
6	Topsoil loss	J/year	9.35 × 104	[50]	1.08 × 1021	1.06 × 1021	1.06 × 1021	1.05 × 1021	1.04 × 1021	1.03 × 1021	1.01 × 1021
Imported (non-renewable) inputs (F)
7	Coal	J/year	5.08 × 104	[50]	3.33 × 1021	3.94 × 1021	3.85 × 1021	1.82 × 1022	2.12 × 1022	1.82 × 1022	2.13 × 1022
8	Coke	J/year	8.36 × 104	[51]	1.08 × 1022	1.04 × 1022	1.24 × 1022	1.19 × 1022	1.58 × 1022	1.64 × 1022	1.54 × 1022
9	Crude Oil	J/year	6.90 × 104	[51]	1.17 × 1022	1.24 × 1022	1.15 × 1022	1.31 × 1022	1.44 × 1022	1.46 × 1022	1.25 × 1022
10	Gasoline	J/year	7.98 × 104	[51]	2.36 × 1022	2.53 × 1022	3.22 × 1022	3.23 × 1022	3.36 × 1022	3.62 × 1022	4.12 × 1022
11	Kerosene	J/year	8.36 × 104	[51]	4.95 × 1022	5.46 × 1022	6.64 × 1022	7.28 × 1022	7.51 × 1022	7.55 × 1022	8.09 × 1022
12	Liquefied petroleum gas	J/year	8.44 × 104	[51]	1.11 × 1019	1.56 × 1019	1.63 × 1019	1.76 × 1019	2.87 × 1019	2.05 × 1019	1.43 × 1019
13	Electricity	J/year	1.32 × 105	[50]	1.10 × 1022	1.36 × 1022	1.36 × 1022	1.48 × 1022	1.68 × 1022	1.83 × 1022	1.92 × 1022
Emissions Impact (E)
Ecological services needed to dissipate the emissions (E1)
14	SO2	J/year	**	-	7.75 × 1019	7.43 × 1019	6.89 × 1019	6.66 × 1018	5.15 × 1019	6.02 × 1019	5.87 × 1019
15	Industrial dust	J/year	**	-	1.94 × 1018	1.23 × 1018	1.18 × 1018	1.14 × 1018	1.19 × 1018	2.47 × 1018	2.31 × 1018
16	Soot	J/year	**	-	3.31 × 1019	3.11 × 1019	2.82 × 1019	2.36 × 1019	1.01 × 1019	2.10 × 1019	1.96 × 1019
17	NOx	J/year	**	-	4.68 × 1019	4.49 × 1019	4.17 × 1019	4.03 × 1018	3.11 × 1019	3.74 × 1019	3.46 × 1019
18	COD	J/year	**	-	2.37 × 1021	2.27 × 1021	2.20 × 1021	2.16 × 1021	2.10 × 1021	2.44 × 1021	2.31 × 1021
19	NH3-N	J/year	**	-	2.63 × 1021	3.47 × 1021	4.79 × 1021	3.82 × 1021	3.64 × 1021	3.89 × 1021	4.74 × 1021
Emergy of the human life losses caused by the emissions (E2)
20	SO2	J/year	**	-	6.51 × 1019	6.25 × 1019	5.79 × 1019	5.60 × 1018	4.33 × 1019	5.06 × 1019	4.94 × 1019
21	NOx	J/year	**	-	1.60 × 1020	1.53 × 1020	1.42 × 1020	1.37 × 1019	1.06 × 1020	1.27 × 1020	1.18 × 1020
22	Industrial dust	J/year	**	-	4.50 × 1019	2.86 × 1019	2.73 × 1019	2.63 × 1019	2.76 × 1019	5.73 × 1019	5.34 × 1019
23	Hexavalent chromium	J/year	**	-	2.35 × 1017	2.06 × 1017	3.53 × 1017	7.64 × 1017	1.41 × 1018	9.99 × 1017	8.23 × 1017
Emergy of the ecological losses due to the emissions (E3)
24	SO2	J/year	**	-	1.10 × 1019	1.06 × 1019	9.82 × 1018	9.49 × 1017	7.33 × 1018	8.58 × 1018	8.36 × 1018
25	NOx	J/year	**	-	9.15 × 1019	8.77 × 1019	8.14 × 1019	7.87 × 1019	6.08 × 1019	7.30 × 1019	6.76 × 1019
Emergy of the land occupation caused by the emissions (E4)
26	Solid wastes	J/year	**	-	2.84 × 1016	1.82 × 1016	2.45 × 1016	3.09 × 1016	5.27 × 1015	9.35 × 1015	1.91 × 1016

*: the UEV was converted to the new baseline: 12.0 × 10²⁴ seJ/year [41]. **: the emergy of emissions impact were calculated according to formulae (4)–(13).