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. 2017 Nov 29;18:574. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2324-6

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — DDM study flowchart, interventions, and assessments. Abbreviations: CAM-ICU Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, CPOT Critical Pain Observation Tool, Katz Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, Lawton Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, VASA Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety