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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 May 29;85:117–125. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.019

Figure 4. Individual addiction vulnerability.

Figure 4

High and low risk for developing substance use disorders is determined by a complex interaction of (A) genetic/molecular factors (e.g. genetic variants affecting microRNA binding and epigenetic regulation of gene expression), (B) neural pathways (e.g. changes in direct and indirect striatal pathway activity), (C) behavioral endophenotypes (e.g. heightened impulsivity and novelty seeking), and environmental factors. SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism, 3′UTR: 3′ untranslated region, miRNA: microRNA.