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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2016 Jul 7;14(6):1434–1445. doi: 10.1109/TCBB.2016.2586065

Figure 1. Simplified diagram of human purine metabolism.

Figure 1

Purine metabolism consists of a de novo synthesis pathway (red arrows) and a salvage pathway (green arrows) for purine bases. Reactions are represented with arrows. Metabolites are shown in dashed boxes and enzymes are indicated by italics. Table III lists enzyme names and their abbreviations. Chevron arrows point to altered enzymes in human renal cell carcinoma (magenta: activation; blue: inhibition). Regulatory signals are omitted for clarity. Metabolites and their abbreviations are: phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), adenylosuccinate (S-AMP), adenosine + adenosine monophosphate + adenosine diphosphate + adenosine triphosphate (Ado_AMP_ADP_ATP), s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), adenine (Ade), xanthosine monophosphate (XMP), guanosine monophosphate + guanosine diphosphate + guanosine triphosphate (GMP_GDP_GTP), deoxyadenosine + deoxyadenosine monophosphate + deoxyadenosine diphosphate + deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dAdo_dAMP_dADP_dATP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate + deoxyguanosine diphosphate + deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGMP_dGDP_dGTP), ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), hypoxanthine + inosine + deoxyinosine (HX_Ino_dIno), xanthine (Xa), guanine + guanosine + deoxyguanosine (Gua_Guo_dGuo), uric acid (UA), ribose-5-phosphate (R5P).

Chevron arrows